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So. 2. ANTI-ABOLITION TRACTS. Price 10 Cents. 



FEEE NEGllOISM: 



OK, 



RESULTS OF EMANCIPATION 



NORTH; AND THE WEST INDIA ISLANDS 



I STATISTICS OF THE DECAY OF COMMERCE, IDLENESS 
■ OF THE NEGRO, HLS RETURN TO SAVAGEISM, 
AND THE EFFECT OF EMANCIPATION UPON 
THE FARMING, MECHANICAL AND 
! LABORING CLASSES. 




NEW YORK: 
VAX EVKIE, HORTOX & CO., 

No. 162 NASSAU STREET. 
1 8 6 2. 



'iBeaM 






ANTI-ABOLITiON TRAOTSi 

DeulB Sis ; The most persiatant and dstermtneA efforts 
are made by tha Abolition press to ^rove that Binanolpatioa 
has been a succeaa. The press, being mainly ia fcbe tiaada 
of that parS^js eyery facb ia relation to the real ooud"ioa of 
.Freed Negroes in fiayti, Jam'^ic.%, & j , his bean ei-^iiar Btu. 
diously snppreiaed or wretchedly perverted. Oar own oo*m<. 
try, wnioh h&3 grown so rapidly ia power and wealth undft? 
tho present relation of the races, is nrgod to overthrow V'-, 
on the ground that it would be an aoDof OiviUzatiou aid 
Oiriatianity. To show that the reverse of all thia woald ba 
the effect, the pabliisliers of the aocompanying pampUls? 
have resolved to isauo a aeries of oheap " AntJ-AboUtioa 
Tracts," for popular distribution. Tha tacts in roliiioa to 
this Bubjoot ought to be laid beiforo the publio a*; onoe, so 
that the evils waioh now afflict Mexico, Ha.yti and ail ooaa- 
tries where the cegro-ecfualizing doctrinsa have beea trioi?, 
may bo averted from o;u* country forever. From war, with 
all its evils, sorrows, burdeai?, &3., our country can eoa' dt« 
ly recover ; but if poi/joaed Wilh negro equaUfy, and 4,000,« 
(K)0 of Africans made, the equals of the white racj, iha 
injury wiU be aq lasting as time itself. 

The present Tract No. 2, on " Fcm NegroiBoi," ia intend- 
ed mainiy to show ttio iaduHtrial aide of the q lo-itioj, aiid 
prove to the pooplo of the North that " Ne^ro Freedom" ia 
simply a tax uoou White Libor. The publishers eaiiitatly 
reqaeat those in whose hand-i this Tract may fall, iftliay 
thmk i's circaiat;oa will do good, to give it their aa?'st. 
ano9. The price is placed upon such reasonable terms thaii 
almost e-»6ryi)9rson can do something towards circulating 
it, if he feels disposed. We have taken the liberty of aead- 
ing a, copy to you for your perasal, hopiag you m^-j- foal 
disposed to assist in enabling " Truth to Combat Error," 
and we would esteem it a favor if you will also have taa 
goodness to state the tarmj on which it is pablished, ^or 
the oonvenienoe of those wlio feel inclinod to ordar oooiaa 
for sale or gratuitous distribution. 

TEEM3 : 

Single copies $0 10 

Twelve copies 1 00 

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Address 

VAN EVJRIE, HORi ON & CO., 

Publishero, 
No. 162 Nassau et., N.I. 

ALREADY PUBLISHED : 

No. I— AaotiiniN and SiiOEssioN, or C*uae andEffoo'o i 
toffether with the Remedy for our Seutional Tro^bioa, By 
a Uaionist, Prioe as above. 



FREE NEGROISM. 



INTKODUCTOEY. 

GiGA-NTic efforts nre now being made to convince the people of the 
North that the overthrow of the present relations of the black and white 
races in the South, or what is mistakingly called "the Abolition of 
Slavery," would be a great benefit to all concerned — a benefit to the white 
race, to the negro race, and a grand step in the progress of civilization and 
Christianity. Now the simple truth is the exact opposite of this. To 
overthrow the present relation of the races is to injure both the white 
man and the negro, and to inflict a deadly blow upon the cause of human- 
ity, civilization, and Christianity. "We only need to approach this subject 
in a spirit of candid inquiry, and to bring it to the touchstone of fact. 
It is proposed to show in the following pages — 

First — The effects of emancipation in the Northern States in the increase 
of crime, pauperism, and vice among the freed negroes ; 

Second — Its results in the "West India Islands, where it has ruined pro- 
duction, destroyed commerce, and where the negro is fast relapsing into 
his original African savagism ; 

T]iird — The effect of Free Negroism upon the commerce, wealth, and busi- 
ness of the world, and especially upon the ivhite laboring and producing 
classes, in producing a scarcity of tropical productions, and a consequent 
increase of price, thus allowing Negro Idleness to tax; "White Labor. 

The inherent right or wrong of any measure may be fairly determined 
by its effect. That which produces crime, pauperism, immorality, poverty, 
and misery cannot in the nature of things be right. Theories vanish before 
the stern arbiter of facts, and to that unerring tribunal we. appeaJk 



2 TREK KEGBOISM. 

PART I. 

FREE NEGROISM IN THE NORTH. 

Boon afcer the claee of the Bevolutionary War, a fowiadividuab, mostly 
Qaakere, commeDCtdtffjrts for the emaucipatioa of negroes tnen Ltld ai so- 
called fclavea ia all tue States, except Massachusetts aud reuntylvania. It 
waa a purely philanthropic movement, atd had no mere conijec.ion with 
politics than have the va,riju3 missionary eocietiea now in exisence for dif- 
fusing Chriatianity in Barmah or China, Several States were induced to 
follow the example of Misaachuaetta and Pennsjlvani*, viz. : — C mnecticut, 
Rhode Iiland, New Hampshire, Yermont, New York, and New Jersey. 
In New Jersey and New Yoik tmancipatioa was gradual, and though pro- 
vided for in the former State in 1784, and in the latter iu 1799, "tlavery" 
did not entirely disappear until 1820 27. Hero emancipa'iou ceased, and 
did it ever occur to any one to inquire why, all of a sudden, this fchould 
be so? If ib were a benefit to take from the negro the care aad guidance of 
white men, why did not all the rest of the Sates tuUosv the eximple? 
Thia question ia better answertd by tne detail of a fcW fic'a. I c was not 
without grave apprehensions as to the result that emancipation had been 
inaugurated, and it was only nine years af er Pennsyls^ania hid set the ex- 
ample ia 1780, that Berjimin Franklin issued an Appeal for aid to his 
society "to form a pliQ for the promotion of industry, intelligence and 
morality among the free blacks." How far FrankUn's benevolent scheme 
had fallen short of his an'icipatione, may be judged of from the fact that 
forty-eeven years after Pennsylvania had passed her set of emancipation, 
one third of the convicts in her penitentiaries were negroes or mulattoesl 
Some of the other S ates were even in a worse cimditioD, one half ot the 
convic's in the penitentiary of New Jersey being freed negroes. But 
Massachusetts was almo&t as badly off, and as a person's own admistion 
against himaelf is the best evidence, we quote from the report of the " Bos- 
ton Prison Diec'pline Society." 

This benevolent Association included among its member?, Rev. Francis 
Wayland, R&v. Austin Edwards, Rev, Leonard Woods, Rev. Wilham Jerks, 
Rev. B. B. Wianer, Rev. Edward Beecher, Lewis Tap^au, E^q., John Tap- 
pan, Esq., Hon. John Bliss, and Hon. Samuel M. Ho^k us. lu the First 
Annual Report of the Society, dated June 2, 1826, they eater iu<o an inves- 
tigation "of the progress of crime, with the causes of it," from which we 
make the following extract : 

"Degkaded CHA.EACTER OF THP. COLORED POPULATION. — The first cause, 
"exis'iog 111 fciOi;i«j^, of ihn frequeucy aud increase of ciaie Is the degrad- 
" ed choracfcr of the colored po/miuion. Tlie fas's, wtiuh ar« gutnered 
"from^ho Peniteiitinrien, to nhow how great a propor ion of tbe coovic's 
"are olorei, evpn ia those Sf.itea where the colored vopuln'ioa ii Email, 
"show most etrikiDgly, the connection between iguorancoand vice." 



FREE NEGROISil IN THE NORTH. 3 

The Esport proceeda to sustain its assertions by statistic?, which prove, 
that, in Massachusetts, where the free coloreii people coustituted one 
seventy -fourth part of the population, they supplied one-sixth part of the 
convicts in her Penitentiary ; that in New Yorlr, where the free colored peo- 
ple constituted one ihirtyfifih part of the population, they supplied more 
than one fourth part of the coavicta ; that, in Coaneclicufc and Pennsyl- 
vania, where the colored people constituted one thirty-fourth part of the 
populitioD, they supplied more than one third part of the convicts ; acd 
that, in New Jereey, where the colored people constituted one-thirteenth 
part of the population, they supplied more than one-third part of the con- 
victs. 

In the second annual report of the Society, dated June lit, 1827, the 
subject is again alluded to, and tables are given, showing more fully the 
degraded character of the freed negro popula'ion. " The returns from the 
several prisons," says the reporf, " show that the white convicts are remain- 
ing nearly the same, or are diminishing, while the colored coavic's are in. 
creasing. At the same time the white population is increasing in the north- 
ern States much faster than the colored population." The following table 
ia taken from the report : 

Whole number of 
Coavicts. 
In Massachusetts.. 313 

In New York 381 

la New Jersey .... 67 

Werd &ot these facts and statistics powerful arguments for arresting 
emancipation ? The other States, seeing its evil effects, took the alarm. 
Some of Ihem passed laws prohibiting the freed negroes from coming 
within them, and it began to be declared that it was much easier and less 
expensive to manage " fclaves" than free blacks. So great was the reaction 
which the disastrous experiment of emancipation produced, that some of 
the States passed laws prohibiting emancipation, unless up3n condition 
that the freed negroes be removed from the country. Thus the Coloni- 
zation Society arose. It was argued that if the negro could not rise to 
any respectable condition here, it might be owing to the prejudice against 
his color and the social outlawry visited upon him. To place him, there- 
fore, in a pogition where none of these iaflucDces could affect him, it was 
proposed to colonize all who were freed, and, for many jears, negro 
" philanthropy ' exhausted iiself in this direction. The Society was popular 
at one time, even at the South. It was regarded by some as the agent or 
means which would gradually d 1 away wi h "slavery," and by others as 
simply an orgmization to getridof the incubus of treed negroes. In 1826 
the Society, by a resolution, declared itself aa "not designing to interfere 
with slavery where it existed, nor jet as endeavoring to perpetuate its 
existence." This d-'d not suit the more radi al members, and Wm. Lloyd 
Garrison, Jas. Gr. Birney, Gerrit Smih and o*herp, who had rauked smoog 
its prominent supporters, shortly after withdrew from it. In 1833 the British 



Colored 


Propor- 


Convicts. 


tioa. 


50 


1 to 6 


101 


1 to 4 


33 


1 to 2 



4 FBEE NEGEOISM. 

Parliament passed the act for the West India emancipation, and the result 
was a great impulse to the cauee of anti -slavery in the United States. 

But no more States could be induced to try emancipation. The anti- 
slaverjitea formed societies, and raised the cry of "immediate abolition." 
They deluged Congress with petitions, and the country ■wiih tracts, pam- 
phlets and newspapers. Thousands and millions of pages of printed matter 
were sent out, but all in vain. "Moral suasion" accomplished nothing, and 
"slavery" rot only remained as firm as ever, but it had extended and 
fortifitd itself in such a manner that the Abolitionists themselves gave up 
tlieir " immediate abolition" demand in utter despair. They cried, but no 
one listened. They expostulated, but the public heeded them not. The 
freed negroes of the Norih were a standing monument to the fully of Abo- 
litionism. They had not progressed, or shown themselves active, enter- 
prising members of society. TUey would black boots, whitewash and do 
other menial offices, and they would hold conventions and pass ridiculous 
resolutions, but as for clearing up land and settling themselves in indepen- 
dent circumstances, they would not. In 1852 Gerrit Smith, who has done 
more for freed blacks than any other man, for he gave all who would accept 
them, free homes on his lands, complained in a letter to Governor Hunt 
that " the most of them preferred to rot hoth physically and morally in 
cities, rather than become farmers or mechanics in the country." His 
own experiment with them resulted in signal failure. Even Horace Greeley, 
in a moment of apparent forgetfulness, declared in the Tribune, Septem- 
ber 22, 1855, that " nine-tenths of the free blacks have no idaa of setting 
themselves to work except as the hirelings or servitors of white men ; 
no idea of building a church or other serious enterprise, except through 
beggary of the whites. As a class, the blacks are indolent, improvident, 
servile and licentious," 

We have shown what the condition of the freed negro population of the 
North was in 1826-'27, according to the statistics of the Boston Prison 
Discipline Society. We will now give some figures and facts from the 
United States Census Report of 1850, showing the number of black and 
white convicts ia the penitentiaries of the four States of Massachusetts, 
New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio, and the proportion of free negro con- 
victs over the whites : 

POPtlLATION i.y ISoO. 
Mass. N. Y. Penn. Ohio. 

Whites 935,450 3,04S,325 2,258,160 1,955,050 

Free Negroes 9,064 49,069 53,626 25,279 

NUMBER IX THE PENITENTIARIES AITO STATE PRISONS. 

Mass. N. Y. Penn. Ohio, 

Whites 389 1,380 S2S 302 • 

Free Negroes 4T 257 109 44 

It will be seen from the above, that in Massachusetts there wad ohd ^hite 
convict to every 2,533 of white population. In New York there was one 
white convict to every 2,208 of white population. In Pennsylvania one to 



FKEE NEGROISM IN THE NORTH. 5 

eyery 6,881, and in Ohio one to every 5,400. But how stands the case as to 
the free negroes ? Why, in Massachusetts, there was one free negro convict 
to every 192 of the free negro population. la New York one to every 190. 
In Pdnneylvania one to every 402, and in Ohio one to every 574. It is in- 
structive to note these facts. lo appears that crime among the free negroes 
of Massachusetts is over eight times greater than among the -white popula- 
tion. Yet the negroes of Massachusetts have enjoyed the benefits of " im- 
partial freedom" ever since 1780. It would seem, therefore, that the more 
you try to force white men's rights upon them, the lower and lower they 
eiiik in the scale of morality. 

The freed negro population of the United States has increased from 
59,46G in 1790, to 434,495 ia 1830, and 431,823 in ISqp, In some Stales it 
has become so largo as to excite well grounded alarm, and what is remark- 
able, some ot the very States that have little or none of this population 
among them, are industriously engaged in trjing to force it upon others. 
The six eastern States, as is shown by the census returns of 1850— Maine, 
New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Inland and Connecticut 
— ^have 65,440 square miles ; and in 1850 they had 23,021 freed negroes in the 
six States. By the census taken ia 1790 they had 17,042 free and tlave. The 
State of New York has 43,220 square miles, and had 40,000 free negroes 
in 1850. She has today, under the census of 1860, 49,031— a decrease. 
The six New England States, and New Yoik, have 111,660 cquare miles, and 
72,090 free negroes. The Utile State of Miryland, has hut 10,755 square 
miles ; and in 1850 she had 74,723 free negroes ; according to the census of 
18&0 she has nea'^hj 84,0001 The State of Pennsylvania has 46,215 equare 
miles, Ijing upon the northern border of the State of Maryland, only divided 
by an imaginary line, and the hid 53,623 free negroes ia 1850. Thus we see 
that the State of Marjlaud has not one-fourih as many equare uiilea as 
Pennsjlvania, and yet Marjland ha3, by the census of 1860, 27,345 mora free 
blacks than the State of Pennsjlvania. The S'.ate of Delaware has, by the 
census of 1800, 19,723 free negroes. The Diatrict cf Columbia has 11,107 
tree negroes, and if no slaves had been removed before the abolition of 
" slavery," this number would have been increased to 14,000 — and this, too, 
ia a territory less than ten miles equare I Here, then, we see Iho compara- 
tively small territory coaaprising the States of Maryland, Delaware and the 
District of Columbia, cursed w^th no less than 115,000 free negroes! Set 
free all their " tlave" negro population, which previous to the emancipation 
in the District of Columbia must have been about 100,000, and thera would 
be 215,000 free negroes on 13,0C0 square miles, or one negro to every 2} white 
persons 1 No people can stand such an incubus cf black laziness, vice and 
crime, aa this state of affairs would produce, to eay nothing of degrading the 
white population to a level with the negro. It will not be, it cannot be a long 
time before the cry, *' Abohtion of free negroiem," will be raised in Maryland 
and Delaware, unless the people are deprived of all right of f elf- government. 
If allowed to go on, free negroismwill yet produce a social convulsion in 



G FBEE NEGROISM. 

those Statea and elsewhere, to which eyen civil war, with all its honors, 
will be but aftiiut parallel. Eobee^jiexre and Bnt83t, iu 1791, tried the "im- 
partial frteaom" of Sumner and Gretley, iu Si. Domingo— and Alijon has 
vividly painted the result. — Speaking cf the Eaytien tragedy, he says, — 
"Thit negroes marched with spiked infants on their spears, instead of 
colors; then sawed asunder the male prisoners, and violated the females 
on the dead bodies of their husbands." The mind of white persons can 
scarcely conceive of euch infernal atrocities, aiid yet they are common to 
negroes, when perverted into what is calkd freedom. 

From all that has been presented, then, it ii easy to eee that the present 
condition of the freed negroes of thoNorihisof the most degraded char- 
acter, and'after fifty years of freedojj, they are worse instead of better off. 
They aio engaged in no produclice employments; they furnish a large 
proporiion of our criminals ; th^/ fill up our alms houfcea ; and hence are a 
constant tax upon whi.e labor. If their number acaording to the population 
was as great as it was when Massachusetts and Pennsylvania were com- 
plaining of the burden they cist upon them, our people would not stand 
the incubu3 it would be upon their Ubor at d industry. The free negroes of 
the North do not noTV, owing to the imtnigraUon and the immense white 
population, form an appreciable element of society. If they did, our people 
woald demai-d a remedv, even t ) a return of the;0 negroes to the care and 
protection of persons, who would guarantee that they should not become 
public burdens. Society scarcely appreciates tha burden of one negro living 
upon the industry of 100 whi'e?, as iaMaasachueetts, but when free negroes 
become as numerous as in Maryland, where there is one to every five whites, 
they become an intolerable weight, and must irretrievably drag down any 
State that submits to it. — Tbo crimes and ind jlenco cf these people are not, 
howevtr, so much to be charged to their account as to the whites, who, 
with sufficient intelligerca to know and comprehend this race, and their 
du'ies (owardd i*-, shut their eyes from mere partij spirit, to absolute facts, 
and keep on neglecting and persecuting i'; under the name of philanthropy. 
The effort to make the negro live out tho life or manifest the capabihties 
of the white man, ia just like trying to force the woman tolive the life cf a 
mar, or a child to exhibit the capabilities of tho adult, cr an ox to perform 
the duUes of a horse I E ich one of God's creatures has his specific organi- 
zation and his f pacific life, and i' is just as reasonable to expect a white 
man to be an angel as it is to expect a negro to be a white man ; that is, 
to £ct as a whito man, to thitk as a white man, or to work as a white man. 
Hence it is, as we have shown, that crime, disease and death maik the career 
of Free Negroism, It destroys the negro, drags down white men, burdens 
them with taxes, and must inevitably end, where the number of the two 
races approximate, in social convulsions and a horrible and revolting war 
of races. 



^ FEEE NEGBOISM ELSEWHEKE. 7 

PART II. 

FREE NEGROISM ELSEWHERE. 

Haviog taken a brief gUuce at free negroism among ourstlves, we will 
now t-kd a geueral BUivey of it elsewhere. Freeing the liCiro ia temperate 
latitudes, where the number waa limited, was a matter of no laomeut inita 
eflfdcl; ut>0Q the iuierest of CJmmerce or civilization. \Vh te labor, better 
adapted to those regione, rushed in to eupplyits ijlice, and if no emanci- 
pation had occurrci', thsi result would have been even more healthy, for the 
negro labor, rtnddied unprofitable, would have been sent, southward, 
where it would have been prcduciively employed in raising articleg tobeex- 
cbanged for the bkilleJ labor of more northern lititudes. In order, there- 
fore, to see the leally disaatroud effects of free negroism, we must turn our 
attention to that vast tropicil territory, which has besn cursed with this 
miserable delusion. Many jicopl*^, perhaps, have no idea of the vast terri- 
tory, which nosv lies an uncultivated waste, solely from the effects of remov- 
ing the negro from the control of the superior race. Tae entire continent 
of North and South America, from the Rio Grande on the Nortb to Brazil 
on the South, ii, to day, litila more than a desert waste. The devil of free 
negroism has done its work. But this ia not all. Those beautiful and fer- 
tile islands— the West ludies — with the exception of Cuba and Porto Kico, 
are in the same condition. Let us see how much land is thus lying unpro- 
ductive and neglected. 

The number of square miles in the territory to which we have alluded, ia 

as follows ; — 

Squarfl miles. 

Mexico 829,916 

Cenrral America 155.770 

Vei ezoeU 426.7L2 

New Granada 521,948 

Ecaaflor 287,633 

B( i< i-h Guiana 96 000 

Dutch Guiana 59 765 

French Guiana ; 22 500 

West India Islands 150,000 

Total 2,550,249 

The United States and Territories comprise an area of 2,946,166 square 
miles, so that here is an extent of territory nearly equal to the entire length 
and breadth of our country, which, with here and there an exception, lies 
an unproductive waste. If the curse of God had rested upon it, and, like 
the Cities of the Plain, it had been covered with abitucninous lake, i^s condi- 
tion would not be materially different. But, instead of that, eo far as the 
Creator ia concerned, it is Iha most gloriou3 land the sun ever shone upon. 
Perpetual summer reigns, ar d the fertility of the soil ia as exhaustless as 
the sea. The variety and extent of its productions are almost unbounded, 



8 FREE NEGEOISM. 

but, as God saiii before He made Adam, "lol there is no one to till the 
ground." The negro freed, basks iu idleness, and only perfurma just suffi- 
cient labor to keep life in his lazy body. The earth, howsver, ia eo rich in 
spontaneous produc'ions, that the labor which necessity requires, is com- 
paratively none ; and hense Cuffee indulges his constitutional complaint 
of laziness to i a full extent. It would require more space than we have 
at our disposal to give a review of the decrepitude and decay of the vast ex- 
tent of territory from the Rio Grande to the Amazon. But a brief extracb 
from Prof. Holton'a work on " New Granada,"t will give an indication of it. 
Speaking of the Yalley of the Cauca, in that country, he says : 

""What more could nature do for thia people, or what has tho withholden 
from them ? Wbit profluctiou of any zone would be uuaitaiDable by patient 
industry, if theij knew of such a virtue ? Bat their valley seems to ba en- 
riched wita the greitest fertility and the finest climate ia tho woild, onlv to 
fihow the miraculous power o/ idleness and unthrifr, to keep land po^ir. Here 
tha family have sometimes omitled their dinner, jusi because there roas nO' 
thing to eat in the house ! Maize, cocoa, and liee, when out of season, can 
hardiy behadfor love or money; bo ttiis valley, a very E ieu by nature, ia 
filled wiih hunger and poverty." 

Now there are over 2,000,000 of square miles essentially in the same posi- 
tion — the iLhabitants, degraded in morals, lazy in hibits, and worthless in 
every respect. The improvements under the Spaniards are gone to decay 
and ruin, while the mongrel pbpulatiou do nothing except insult the name 
cf " God and Liberty" by indulging in pronunciamentos and revolutions I 

THK WEST INDIA ISLANDS. 

From these Island?, where emancipation was inaugurated as an example 
for us to follow, we propose to draw our principal illastra'iona of the failure 
of free negroism. Thia ia the more important, because the anti-slaverjitea 
still endeavor to cling to the delusion that it has been a success, and try to 
palm cif the statement upon the pubhc for fact. The West India Islands 
comprise, it ia estimated, in all about 150,000 square miles, or an extent of 
territory as large aa the States of Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi. Somo 
of the smaller islands are uninhabited, but those inhabited, and more or 
less under cultivation, have an area, aa stated in Colton'a A lip, of 06,000 
square miles. Cuba takea off 42,000 square miles, leaving 61,000 in Hayti 
and the Biifish and French Islands. When emancipation took place in 
Jamaica, in 1834, it waa loudly heralded that free labor in the West Indiea 
would soon render " slavery" entirely unprofitable in the Uiii'ed States. Mr. 
Eirney encouraged his followers with this hope, and Wm. L'oy d Garrison even 
made the confident prediction that the "American slave system must inevit- 
ably perish from btarvation." George Thompson, the English Abolitionist, 
who came over to thia country about that time to fan the flame of anti- 
southern agitation, declared that " soon all slave labor cotton would be repu- 

JNew Granada : Twenty Months in the Andes. By Isaac F. Holton, MA. Harper & 
lii others. 



.FREE NEGROISM ELSEWHERE. 9 

diated by the English manufacturers." The labor of negroes waa to accom- 
plish all this, fjr it was presumed that freedom would give an impetua to 
productiou, and that the enterprisa and iaduatry ol! the freed black men 
would scon far outairip the reaourcea of those couniriea where *' the unprof- 
itable andexpen ive aystem of elave labor" was atiU adhered to. The nqjl- 
lenium waa thus, in 1833, but jast a atep ahead of the Abolitionista. They 
had almost clutched the El Dorado of negro perfeclion. Bat alaa 1 for their 
confident anticipationa and positive predictiona. la aix years the answer 
came, and it was aa foUowa : la 1800 the West Indies exported 17,000,000 lbs. 
of cotton and the United States 17,789,803 Iba. They were thua at this time 
about equally prod'ictive. In 1810 the West ladies exported only 866,157 lbs. 
of cotton, while the United States exported 713,941,061 Iba I Instead, 
therefore, of the "American eyatem djiogof starvation," as Garrison pre- 
dicted, or of (he British apinners refaeing to use "alave" grown cotton, 
England went right on manufacturing "blave" grown cotton, while her 
"philanthropists," to keep up the delusion, began io talk about raising 
cotton in Africa, by free negro labor there, and they have kept oa talking 
about it, and all the while using the productions of " fclave" labor. But, 
in order to give the reader a fuller and more complete view of the terrible 
blow the industrial reaourcea of the world have received by emancipation in 
the Weat India Islands, we propose to take up a few of the more important 
Islands, and notice their decline with eome minutenesa. As it was the first 
to try "impartial freedom," we commence with 



This Island is divided into two parts— the western portion being Hayti 
proper, and the eaatera forming the Dominican Republic. It is next in 
eize to Cuba, and is regarded aa the moat fertile of the Antillea. The en- 
tire island is 406 miles ia length by a maximum wid'h of 163. The number 
of square miles is 27,690, of which 10,091 are comprised in the Haytien or 
negro Eepublie, and the balance ia the Dominican. It is very difScult to 
arrive at the exact population of Hayti, as no definite statistics exist, but 
it ia variously estimated at from 550,000 to 630,000. The cUmate, natural 
productiona and fertility of its soil are not surpaaeed by any other portion 
ot the known world. Gold, silver, platina, mercury, copper, iron, tin, sul- 
phur, rock salt, jasper, marble, &c., &c,, are found among its mineral pro- 
ductions. The gold mines have long since been abandoned, as has every 
employment requiring laborious industry. The climate is warm, but, on ac- 
count of the sea breezes, generally agreeable and pleasant, even during 
the summer heats. Vegetation ia of the richeat and most luxuriant kind. 

"It is extremely difficult," says a traveler, " to convey to one unacquaint- 
ed with the richness and and varietv of the I-ilaod scenery of the tropica, 
a correijf-.impreHKi )n of if.s gorgequs beauty. Irlin da rising from a cryi^tal 
sea, cloth^-d wi'h a vegetation of surpasi'lrg luxuriance and splendor, and of 
every variety, fromihe taU.and graceful palm, the ptately and spreading 
mahogany, to the bright fldwers that aeem to have stolen their tints from 



10 1-llEK NEGKOISM. 

the glowing Bun above them. Birds with c^'lora aa varied and gorgeona 
as the hues o( the raiabow, flit amid the daik green foliage of tho lorests, 
and flamiogooH, wim their tCiilet plumage, fia-h along the shore. Fish of 
the same varied hucs glide through wateis so clear that lor lathoma below 
the aarttica tUey cm bd dts^uc ly seen. Tura the ejse where ir, will, on tea 
or laud, eome bright col ir tiasliea before it. Nature'ij here a queen indeed, 
and dressed for a gala day. 

"la the i^Und of 8t. Domirgo, the rich beauty of the tr.icics is combined 
with some of the finest mountain Bceuery in the world. The broad, fertile 
UgooQS, covered wir.d gr^wes ('f orange, citroa and coffee, wita here and 
there a delica'e column of t^moke indica'ing the locali'yef tome invisible 
dwelling ; groved of mangroves, rieiDg apparently from toe midst of the 
water/j, bti'-, indicatiug the presence of dangerous thallows, sradaall/' become 
visible. No rouj^h promontory, as upou our northern tbores, meets the 
eye; every anj^le is dthcattly rounded, every feature of the scenery undulat- 
ing and gracfcfuL" 

To thia surpassing beauty is added aloaost all the natural productions that 
can be conceived. The mountains are covered with forests of pine, mahog- 
any, fustic, satin wood, lignum vitro and other cabinet wooda. All the usual 
tropical productiuna giow epontaneouily in great abundance, including 
plantains, bananas, yams, maize, millet, oranges, pine apples, melons, 
grapes, &c. The staples of cultivation are coffee, cocoa, sugar, indigo, 
cotton and tobacco. Surely, such a country aa thia hag been peculiarly 
blessed by the Creator, and it seems nothiog less than a crime against na- 
ture to allow its exhaustlesa resourcea to remain undeveloped. But what is 
its history ? 

In 1790 Hayti was in a high state of prosperity. At that lime it supplied 
half of Europe with sugar. It was a French colony, and contained a popula- 
tion which numbered about 500,000, of which 33,360 were whites and 28,370 
free negroes, mostly mulattoes. The remainder were negro " tlavea." The 
period of which we speak was the era of the great French Esvolution, when 
the doctrines of " liberty, equality and fraternity" had full sway in France. 
The colonists or white people of Hajti entered wih great fervor into the 
support ot these d )ctrine=, but they intended them to apply to white men, 
and white men only. Bat this did not suit the pleasure of the "Mountain 
Department" of the French Assembly. That demanded " impartial free- 
dom," and " impartial freedom" it was. In 1793 the freedom of the blacks 
in Hayti was decreed, and the grand experiment of "impartial freedom" 
commenced. The result of that experiment ia now, afier seventy years' 
trial, before the world. If the negro has any capacity for self-government, 
any of the inherent, natural abilities or energies of the white man, surely 
he ought to have shown them during this time. With a country whose 
natural resources and fertility are beyond question, and with a climato ex- 
actly suited to the physical peculiarities of the race, surely there should 
have been no such word as fail. The island had been brought to a high 
stat* of cultivation, and to an exalted commercial prosperity by the French 
planters. It was turned over to is new masters like a garden ready culti- 
vated, and all they had to do waa to keep it as it was, and go oa in the 
career of prosperity -which had been so successfully inaugurated. But 



TKEE NEGBOISM ELSEWHERE. 11 

what are tho facta ? A few statistics will Bhow, more vividly than words, 
how fearfully tho island has retrograded, and how fallacious are all tho 
hopes which have been indalged in, a3 to the industry of negroes, when left 
to themselves. la 1790 the value of the exports of Hayti were $27,828,000, 
the principal productions being as follows : 

Sugar, lbs 163,405,220 

Cofl«e, do 68,151,180 

Cjtton, do 6,286,126 

ladigo, do 930,016 

In 1826, about thirty years after emancipation, the figures stood thus : 

Sugar, lbs 32.864 

Coffee, do 32,189,784 

Coitou, do 620,972 

Indigo, do none 

Now there is no sugar at all exported, while coffee and logwood h 
become the principal items of export. The former is gathered wild from 
the mountains, or from the old abandoned, French plantations, while all 
that is required in order to get the latter, is to cut down the tree, which 
grows epontaneously, and take ib to market. li is, therefore, seen that all 
cvllivation is abandoned, and only those articles are now exported which 
require no labor to produce them. In 1849, the latest date of which we have 
any reliable statistics, and sixty years after emancipation, the exports of the 
articlea we have named were as follows : — 

Sugar, lbs rone. 

Coffee, lbs 30,608,343 

Couon, lbs 644,516 

Indigt), lbs none. 

It is impossible to state, with accuracy, what the present value of the ex- 
ports of Hayti amount to. Mr. Sumner, in a recent speech it the Senate, 
placed them at $2,673,000, This, we apprehend, is just about double the raal 
value. A recent travel :r, Mr. Underbill, says he could find no statistics in 
Hajti as to her commerce, and Mr. Sumner's figures are, doubtless, mere 
gueas work. But grant what Mr. Sumner says, and what a doleful picture 
of commercial ruin ib presents I la 1790, the exports of Hayti amounted to 
$27,828,000, and now, according even to AboUtion testimony, they foot up 
only $2,683,000 1 Comment is unnecessary. 

The statistics we have quoted are taken from the "U. S. Commercial Kela- 
tions," vol. I, pp. 581-2, officially reported to Congress, and published by 
order of thab body. But all these figures are fully corroborated by every 
candid and impartial traveler. A foreign resident at the capital of Hayti, 
under a recent date, writes : — 

"This country has made, since i^s emancipation, no progress whatever. 
The population pardally live upon the produ'JH of the grown wild coffee plan- 
tationf, remnants of the French dominion. Properly speaking, plantations 
after tbe morlel ff fie English in Jamaica, or the Sjanieh in Cuba, do not 
exist here, Hayti is (he mosb beauHfiil and the most fer'ile of the Antilles. 
It has more mountains than Cuba, and more space than Jamaica. Nowhere 



12 " FREE NEGEOISM. 

thecoffeetreecouldbet'er thrive than here, as it especially likes a tnotin- 
tainous eoil. But; i ho indolence of the negro has brought the once splendid, 
plantations to decoy They now gather Cufi'ee only from the grown wild 
trees. Ttie calivaiion of the sugar cano hug eruirely disnppeared, and 
the island that OLce Bupphed the one-half of Europe with sugjir, now eup- 
pliea its owu wants fram Jamaica and the Uuittd Slates." 

la order to show the present condition of Hayti more fully, we quote from 
awoik jutt publii^htdin London, enfi' led "The West Indies — Their Moral 
and Social Condiiian." The author, Mr. E. B. Underbill, was sent out by 
the Baptist Missionary Society of London, and is an Abolitionist of the 
deepest dye. While findirg all the excuses he can for the decay of the 
Island, he is forced to own the truth. He describes his journey to Port au 
Prince as follows : 

*' We passed by macy, or through many ahandoned plantations, the huild' 
ings in ruin, tbe su^ar miliH decajed, and the iron pans strewing the road- 
side, craclced and hrokeii. But far the law that forbid-', oa pam of confisca- 
tion, the export cf all metals, they would long ago have been sold to foreign 
mercbants. 

" Otily once in this lopg rifle did we come upon a mill in use ; it was grind- 
ing caues, in ordt>r to manufacture the svmo frrm which tafia is made, a 
liiudof inferior rum, tne intoxicating drink of the country. The mill -was 
woik'-d by a large over-shot or wa*er-wLiee], the water being brought by an 
aqueduct from a very considerable distance. With the exception of a few 
banana gardens, or small patches of rhaize round the cottages, no where 
did this magoiflijeut and furtile plain show signs of cul'ivation. 

"lu tbe tiuie of the French occupation, before the Revolution of 1793, 
thou-iandd of ho^nheads of sugar were produced ; now, not one. All is decay 
aiid desolation. Ths pastures aie dt^aerted, and the piickiy pear covers the 
land once Uughing vtvn the bright hues of the bugar cane. 

"The hjdrau'ic wo'k^, erected at vast expense for irrigaHon, hove crum- 
bled to dust. The plow is an tmknown, implement of culture, although eo 
eminently adip'td to tba great vl*ins and deep eoil of Hayii. 

" A country, 60 ciptble of praducing for export, and therefore for the 
enrichment of its pnopla— besides sugar, ard coffee, cotton, tobacco, the 
cacao bean, spices, every tro^jical fruit, and many of the fruits of Europe — 
lies uncuUioated, unoccupied and desolate. Ifs rich mines are neither ex- 
plored nor worktd ; and is beautiful woods rot in the soil where they grow. 
A little logwood is exported, but ebony, mahogany and the finest building 
timber rarely fall before the woodrnan'a axe, and th^n ordy for local use. 
The ijresent i"hdhi>ants de-pis'? oil servile I ihor, and are, for the most part, 
content wi.h the spontaneous productions of the soil and jforest." 

The degraded, barbarous condition of the negroes of Hayti, is well illus- 
trated in a description given by Mr. Underbill, of what is known as "the 
religion of Vdudoux, or serpent worship." It is a native African supersti- 
tion, and proves, beyond all question, the rapid return of the Hayti negroes 
to the original savagism of their African ancestors. Mr. U. gives a full de- 
scription of the ceremonies of this heathenish rite, as described to him by 
one of the resident missionarief", which we regret we have not space to give 
entire. The performances are preceded by the following barbaric chorus : 

" Ell 1 eh ! Bnmba, hen 1 hen I 
Canga bafla to 
Canga mourne dc le 
Can;Ta tie ki h 
Canga li." 

The object woifetippsd is a small green snahe, and thd custom is a purely 



FREE NEGEOISiX ELSEWHERE. 13 

African lieatheniem. The negro slwaja has a predidijaaition to i*-, but it 13 
repressed >vbeu Le is under -white control. Of lite y^ars it has been reyived 
extensively in Hajti. 

"The Vdudoux," says Mr. Underhill, "meet ia a retired spo*^^, designated 
at a previou-j Jueetiug, Oa eu enug ih«y take olt' tUeir blioesi, and bind 
about iheir hodit a haudkejctiifctVi, i i -Ah c'l a red c.)]or (jcedomiuatea. Tne 
king is kQowu b^ tho scarlbt bacid around his head, woru like a crown, and 
ascart'of iho tsaina color d'.otiuguishea iht) queeu. Tbed' jco", of adoratioD, 
the eerpent, ia pliced on a staud I^ ia tliou worship^^ed; after which the 
bi.'ix ia placed on ih-i groULid, the qaeeu m^aota up;ju r, 13 eeized wi'h vio- 
lent tremblinKC, audfiives utitraueo to oracles in j-espin.te toihepiayen 
of the worahippera. A diDce ilosea the ceremony. Tho Iv'-g pu^a bia Land 
on the serpent's box; a tremor fceizei him, wliicb ia comaiUL.ica^ed to the 
circle. A delirious wlairl or dancj ensues, heigh entd by the free use of 
tafii. Tne weak-at tall, aait dead, upon tht3 spot. Th^ bachanulian revel- 
lew, aWays dauciog and tu niDg about', are borne a^ayiuto a place near 
at hind, •wh'^re sometimes under the triple exoifement o^ 2^^omi.scuous in- 
tercourse, dmak-nness and darkness, ecenes are enacted, enough to make 
the impassible gods of Afxica itself gi^aah their teeoh wiih horror." 

What a disgusting picture of savagism and heathenism does not this 
present! And yet, there are people who try to palm o£f upon the vi'orld 
the idea that negroea can remain civilized when left to themselves. This 
eamo missionary, Mr. "Webley, writing to the London Missionary Herald, in 
1850, says: "These Vaudoux almost deluge the Haytien part ot the Island. 
They practice witchcraft and mysticitsm to an almost indefinite extent. 
They are singular adepts atpoisoninj. A person rarely escapes them when 
he has been fixed upsnas a viclim." It is thus seen that Obeiam is quite as 
prevalent ia Hayti as it i j ia the interior of Africa. What more need be said 
to prove the relapae of these negroes into their original barbarism ? Such, 
then, is the condition of Hayti. Production gon'i, commerce gone, and the 
negroes^themaelves returning to their original African heathenism 1 

JAMAICA. 

Jamaica is about 150 miles long by about 50 in width. Its area is about 
6,400 square miles, or 4,000,000 of acres. It ia the largest and most valuable 
of the British West India Islanda. The last census taken was in 1844, when 
the population stood as follows :— Whites, 15,776; negroes, 293,128; mulat- 
toes, 63,529. By the census of 1861, the only oae taken since, the popula- 
tion is stated as follows: — Whiter, 13,816; mnlattoes, 81,065; negroes, 
346,374. The whole number of x^ersona who can read ii set down at 80,724, 
and 50,726 aa able to read and wri'e. It will be peen from this that over 
300,000 can neither redd nor wiite. The education ia evidently confined to 
the whites and mulattoe^, l-^aving the negroea ia their natural ignon^nce, 
where they have neither oral nor any other inatruc ion. Ot CDurso" edu- 
cated," negroes are simply monstrosities, but aa some people eeem to sup- 
pose that "freedom" wid develop euch" white crows," we have cited these 
Btatiatica to show that Jamaica baa not yet produced them, after a twenty- 
five years' trial. The white population, it will also be seen, is gradually 
decreasing— dying out — through the blood of the negro. 



14 FKEE KEGEOISM. 

Tho productions of Jamaica are similar to ihose of the other West India 
Islands. The soil is deep and fertile, and one of the beet in the world for the 
production of sugar, coffee, pimento and ginger. It is also rich in minerals, 
cabinet woode, &J., and the low grounds yield abundantly the plantain, 
banana, yam, sweet potatoes, jiino apples, orange?, pomegranates, &c , &c, 
Jamaica has been in possession of England ever since the days of Oliver 
Cromwell, and at the time of the prohibition of tho importation of negroes 
from Africa in 1307, was in a most flourishing condition. Her history, 
since then, has been one of gradual but sure decay. The restriction upon 
her supply of labor produced some decrease in her productions, and the 
abolition of " slavery" in 1833 hastened the final destruction of the Island. 
The negroes freed in 1S33 were ta serve five years as apprentices, and on the 
Istof Aagust, 1333, to hive their unconditional liberty. For this injury to 
the negro and crime tosvards the white man, the planters were allowed about 
$30,000,000, tho whole sum expended in all the IsUnds, by the British gov- 
ernment, being abo-::t $190,003,003. And what is theresulo? Facts speak 
louder than words, and to them we appeal. The value of the exports of 
Jamaica (we quo ;e from the Cyclopedia of Commerce, published by Harper 
& Brothers, of this city,) before and after the emancipation, will illustrate 
what we say : — 

BEFOEE EMANCIPATION. 

Years. Value of Exports, 

1803 £3,033234 

1810 3,303,579 

^ AFTEB EMANCIPATION. 

1833 £837,276 

1851 932,310 

The productions of Jimaica show, forcibly, what the above figures ex- 
hibit by values. la 18J3, t-vo years before the prohibition of African emi- 
gration, the productions of Jamaica were as follows : 

PRODUCTS OF JAMAICA IN 1805. 



Sngar 150.3"2 hhds. 

Euu 46,837 punch. 

Jr-imemo 1,041 540 lt)a, 

CjffrfB 17,961,923 lus. 



^ 



The produc'ion of the inland, at that time, was at i^s highest point. 
The sugar was tholirge^t crop ever proi3uced in Jomiici. The loss of 
labor was severely TeP, especially in the sugar culture, to that in 1834, the 
year emancipatioa was fcffeci,ed, the pr^sduciion stood as follows: 

PRODUCTS OP JAMAICA IN 1834. 

S'lgar 84,756 hld>». 

R .111 32 111 Kuuth. 

Pirn-mo 8.605.400 lbs. 

Collde 17,725,731 lbs. 

In the very next year, the first one tinder free Begroi^im, there was a 
manifest filliug off. The eugir prod'icUon was only 77,970 bhds., nearly 
10,000 hhda lcs» ; coif ea was only 10,593,^13 lbs, , a decrease of over 7,000,000 



FREE NEGROISM ELSEWHlERE. 15 

Iba., and this decrease baa steadily continued, untilin 1856 the production 
of Jamaica stood as follows : 

PEODUCTS OP JAMAICA IN 185S. 

Sugar 25,920 Lhds. 

Eutu lA 470 punch. 

Pitneato 6,848,6^:2 los. 

Coffee 3.3;i8,l47 lbs.- 

The only crop that had increased was that of pimento, or allspice, the 
increase of which, instead of being an evidence of the industry of the negro, 
is the reverse. The pimento tree grows w.ld in Jamaica, and rapidly 
spreads over Und formerly under culivation. As the plantations were 
abandoned, they wero overrun with this tree, and the negro women and 
children picked the berries without the trouble of -cultivation. The coffee 
tree, to a C:^riaia extent, ij Lbe the pimento, ard grows wild in many 
places. Hence the prodaction of coffee has eo'; fallen off ia the eame pro- 
portion as thiit of 6ugar, which can only be produced h/ careful cultivation. 
The coffee crop of Jamaic3, hoivevsr, was ia 1813, before the overthrow of 
"elavo" labor, 34,045,585 lbs., but the average crop f.r the past ten years 
has DoS been over 5,000,000 Iba., whilo the sugar crop had fallen in 1853 as 
low as 20,000 Lhdol These facts and statistics demonslrate the down-hill 
progress of Jamaica, aLd show what may be expected wherever the experi- 
ment of free negioiam is attempted. 

The rap di^y wi h which cstatei have been abandoned in Jamaica, and the 
dscreasa iu the taxable property of the Island, ia slao astounding. The 
movable and immovable property of Jamaica was once estimated at 
£50,000,000, or nearl/ $250,000,000, la 1353 th^ a-sesed valuation hadfallen 
to £11,50C,000. Ia 1351 ib was reduce 1 to £0,500,000, aid Mr. Westmoreland, 
in a speech ia the Jamaica House of Assembly, s'^ated it was believed that 
the falling off would bd £2,000,003 more ia 1852. From a report made to the 
Houee cf Aiseaibly of the nnmbtr aud extent of tho plantations abandoned 
during the years 1848, '40, '50, '51 ai.d '52, wo gather the following facta :— 

Sugar es'a*-e3 abandoned 128 

" partially " 71 

Coffee plan^.a'iona abandoned 96 

" partially " 66 

The total number of acres thus thrown out of cultivation in five years was 
391,187 1 Thia is only a sample, for the same process ha*} been going on 
ever fcicce eioancipation. lulha five years immediately succeeding emanci- 
pation, the abandoned estatta stood as follows : — 

Suear estates 149 168,032 acres. 

Cuffea plaatditious 465 188,400 acres. 

These planta'ions employed 49,333 Ixborers, whose iodustry was, there- 
fore, at once l)8h to the worl J, a-jdiho aniclea th"y hid raised were just eo 
much eubtrac^el from coasutnp^ioo. The price <f these articles, sugar 
and coff;e, waa increased on account of the diminished production, and that 

V 



16 FREE NEGBOISM. 

increased cost represented the tax which the world paid for the privilege of 
allomng Sambo to loll in idleaess. The C yclopsdia of Commerce saya " that 
the nejro is rapidlj receding into a savage state, and that iinlesa there ia a 
large and immediate supply of immigrants, all society will com ; to a speedy 
end, and tho isUnd become a second Hayti." 

Suoh, then, ii the CDnditionof Jamaica., aa stated ia an impartial work. 
Let U3 hear now what the London Times candidly ©frna up to. I^. says ; 

" There is no hlinhing the truth, Yeara of bitter experience, y^ars of hope 
de^'prr^d, of fcelf-devotion unrequited, of prayers uuauswerer), ( f Bufferings 
derided, of inaukd unresented, of contumely pa'.reutly ei^dured, hive con- 
vinced us of ttre truth. I5 must be spoken out loudly and energelicaUy, 
despite t'lo will mocking s of 'howlmg cant.' The freed West India slave 
will not till the soil for wages ; the free son of the ex-slave is aa oisrinate aa 
hia sire« IIo will not culiivafe lands wiiich he hia not bought for his own. 
Yams, mangoes atid plm'ains — these ea'isfy hia wanis ; he Ciresuotfor 
youra. Cot'on, sugar, c ff e and tobacco he c irea bus liule tor. And what 
matters it to him ihi ; the Eoglishman has euuk Lis tuousauda and tena of 
thousands on mills, machintry and plants, which now totter on the lan- 
guishing estate, tnat {■dt jeara has only returned him beggary and debt. 
He eata hia yams and sniggers at ' Buckra.' We kuo^v not wny thia should 
be, but so it is. The uegro has been bought with a price— the price of 
'Eagliah taxation and EogliBh ioH, He has bden redeym^d from bondage 
by the sweat and iraviil of some millions of hard-morkin.g Englishmen. 
Twenty millions of poaods sterlng — one hundred milhons of djllare — 
have been distilled' from, the hrains and muscles of the free English laborer, 
of every dogreo, to fa,stiioa the Wes'; India negro in'o a ' icpt^, independent 
laborer,' 'Free and iudependent/ enough lu has hecorac, God know.-?, but 
laborer ho is not ; and, so fir as we can see, never will be. He will sing 
hymns and qaote texts, bat honest, steady iadustry he not only detesta but 
despises." 

Such ia the teatimony of the London Times— anch the universal evidence 
of every candid individual. How different ia thia picture from that pre- 
dicted by the Abolitionists I The Rev. Dr. Channing, the Dr. Cheever of 
that day, made the following prophecy in 1833, aa the reault of emancipa-- 
tion : — 

" The planters, in g°neral, would suffer little, if at all, from emancina^ion. 
Thia change would make them richer rather than poorer. One would think, 
indeed, from tbe common language on the subject, that the negroes were to 
be annihilated by being set free ; vUat the whole laDor of the S Juth was to be 
destroyed by a single blow. But the colored min, whea freed, vull not van- 
ish from the soil. He will stand there wi'h the same muscles aa before, 
only strunq: anew by liberty ; with the same limbs to toil, and with stronger 
'motives to toil than before. He will work from hope, not fear ; will work for 
himself, not for others ; and unless all tne principles of human nature are 
reversed under a black tkin, he will work better than before. We believe 
that agriculture will revive, our worn-out soils will be renewed, and the 
wholo country assume a brighter aspect undev free labor." 

This is the same story the Abolitioniata are singing now, not having yet 
learned that "the principles of humaa nature are reversed under a black 
ekin" — that is, of ro/ii<e human nature, and it was from a total misconception 
of the negro that Dr. Channing fell into hia grand mistake. Mr. Anthony 
Trollope, an EngUshman, and an anti-slavery man, who has written a boob 
on Jamaica, geema to know rather more of the negro race than Dr. Channing 
did. Tho London Times, drawing its facta from Mr. Trollope, eaya of it : 



FREE NEGROISM ELSEWHERE. 17 

*«A servile race, peculiarly fitted by nature for the hardest physical work 
in a boruiug oUiua, o. I'lie uegro has no deaire for property tirutg enough 
to indaoatinn'oU lor whq eusi aim d power. He lives irmi haudio mouth. 
la order that he ni<iy have hid diuner, and some email tiubiy, J-:e will work a 
Utile but af'eniiishois cjutent toZewU/ieswn. Tliid.iu Jamaica, he can 
very eaaily do, firtuituc pxtioa andfree tradd have com uiaed to tbrow enor- 
mous t-rActa o( laud oao cf cultivation, and on these the ntgio tquatf, get- 
ting all that he w.-ms v/xh very little trouble, aijd tiukiDg, in he most re- 
Bolu'e fdibioD, to i tie t-avage state. Lying under his coitou-tree, he refuses 
towjikater lou o"clook ia the morning. 'No, taikee, mas-sa, me tired 
now ; me no waa"; m <f e mjney.' Or, by the way of varii/t\ , he may eay : — 
' No, woikeo no mure ; money no nuff ; workee no pay.' Aod eo the i)lanter 
muBt bbo hid caues tuul wi.h wetdd, because he cmnot prevail on Sambo to 
earn a sec )Ld i-hUhug by going into the cane field:). Hti c.ili him a lazy 
nigger, aud threa.'eaj bim witn starvation. His answer U: 'No, massa ; 
no Biaive iiow; God seud plenty jam.' These jaajy, be it obcervcd, on 
whiob Stmbolive.-, anil en ih'i strength of which he d^clinea to work, are 
growaoat'M plau'tr's own ground, and probably planted at hw osvn expense. 

"Threl'ts the bhi>.y, oily, odorous negro, tiiider his mai go-tree, eating 
{helatsciousfrui'. ia ttut-uj. He sends his black urchf^ uo for a bread- 
fruit, and, bHtiuLl, the famdv table is spread. Ha j-ierces o, cocoa-nut, and 
lo! there is h. a hnverage. He lies on the ground, eurronodtd by oranges, 
banan-.p, and piut-*(.plea. Why should he work? Let Sambo himself re- 
ply : 'N'), mt:'sa, )!■.< wt-ak ia mo belly ; me no workee to day ; me no like 
workae jast urn Ir.ilo moment.' " 

Thia ia a graphic description of the negro character, where the climate 
gives him a chasce to thow out his real nature. The same author says that 
*' one-half of the sugar estates, and more than one-half ot the coflee plan- 
tations have gone back rn'o a sta'.e of bush," 

The idea of working for pay never entered in black nature. Ag long ago 
as Mungo Park traveled ia Africa, he discovered that "paid servants, per- 
sons of iree condition, voluntarily working for pay, are unknown here." No 
traveler in A''rici, down to Dr. Livingston, has reversed that judgment. 

In Lewis's West ludies, written 17 years before emancipation, it is re- 
marked : "As to free black?, they are unfortunately lazy and improvident ; 
most of them half e'arvtd, and only anxious to live from hard to mouth." 
Even those who profess to be tailors, carpenters, or coopers, are, for the 
most part, careles?, druoken and dissipated, and never take pains sufficient 
to attain to any d-ix eri'y in their trades ! As for a free negro hiring him- 
self out for X'icintation labor, no instance of such a thing loas ever knovm 
in Jamaica." Eail Grey said, in the House of Lords, on June 10, 1852, 
"that it was established by statistical facta that the negroes were idle, and 
falling back in cioilizaiion ; that, relieved from the coercion to which they 
were formerly suV jeoted, and a couple of days' labor giving them enough 
food for a fortnigh-, the cUmate rendering clothing and fuel not necessary 
to Ufa, they hid no earthly motive to give a greater amount of service than 
for mere subsistence." Sir H. Light and Gov. Barkley have both shown, 
alio, that the majority of the free negroes of the West ladies are Uving in 
idleness, and the French colonies, according to a work Jrom M. Vacherot, 
pubUshed a few jears ago at Paris, demonstrate the samo ruinous result 
under then* emancipation act. 

Captain Hamilton, on his examination as a witness, before a select com- 



18 FREE NEGROISM. 

mit'ea of Parliament, etated that ^'Jamaica, wilhoul any exaggeration, 
had hecfiine a desert." 

la 1850 Jlr. John Bigelow, then one of the editors of the New York Evening 
Post, paid a visio to Jatnaica, and wrote a book thereon. As the tesiimonj 
of ananti-flaverymao, hia statements are given. Mr. Bigelaw says that the 
land of tLati:laud id as prolific aa any in the world. Itcante bought for 
$5 to $10 per acre, aiid five aci-es confer the right of vo'ing aud eligibility 
to public offices. Planters offer $1 53 per day for labor ; IG dajo' labor will 
enable a negro to buy land enough to make bim a voter, aud ibe maiket of 
Kingston offdra a grea". demand fjr vegetables at all timea. These facts, 
said Mr. B'gelow, ^.lice independence within the reach of e ery black. Bat 
what are the rejul 3 ? Tiiere has been no increase ia vo era ii 20 jeara. 
Lands ran wild. Kiagstoa gets ita vegetables from the Uuittd S ates. 

Bat we Will accamulate proof^pile it up, if needed. Mr. Rjbert Biird, 
who ia an en'hu iistic advocate of " the glorious Ac"; of Briirli Ecoancipa- 
lion," on viaidog the West ladies for hia health, could noj fail to be struck 
with the desolate appearance there. 

"ThaS the West Indians," eays Mr. Baird, "are always grumbling, ia an 
obaervauoa ofceu h-'a.it), aiid, no doub', it. i-t very true iiiat; triey are bo. 
Bat let any oue wfio iLiLikj that the ex'eut aud climor of th^ couplaiut ex- 
ceeds tliH magifiidc) of the diatresa which has Cilled i^ for h, go to the 
"West Indies a. d j ids e fi r himself. Let him see wuh bi-< own t-yps the 

KEGLECTED AND ABAND'iNED ESTATES — THE UNCULTITATED FIELDS. FAST HUE- 
EYING BACK INTO A STATE <P NATURE, WITH ALL THE SPtlD <F TKiPICAL 
LUXTJRIAJSGK — THE DI -MAN! LED AND SILENT MACHINtKY, THB CEDMBLINQ 
WALLS, AND DESERTED MANSIONS, WHICH ABE FAMILIAR bIGHlS IN M ST OF 

THE BRiTisrr vvest Indian Colonies Lee him iLeu ir^i.t-ij r'l h mself to 
the Sijauifli i-l(^lld^ of Pofio R'co aLd Caba, aud wiinees thci life aud acivi- 
ty wbuh iaibe;o t-lave culouiea prevail. Let him observo idr Lmsfiftho 
activity of the t-lavea — the improvenjeuta daily makiiig iu iLe < ubivation 
of tbe li^lj? audi a the process-es cirri^d on at tha I j^« lois of i>nj»v mills 
— and the general, indesrribahle air of thriving and prnapf-rry which sur- 
rounds the to/iofe— and 1 hen let him come back loEjeUidaud hay, if he 
hone»tlf can, that the Bri'ii^h Weet Indian plantra ai.a proprietors are 
grumULrs, who cjmplaiu without adequate cause." 

Es Governor Wood, of Ohio, who paid a visit to Jamaica in 1853, and who 
ia no friend to ' ' tlavery," eaj s : — 

"Sin^eibe blickahave been liberated, they have become ird( lent, inso* 
leu*-, dii-graiied aud diationeafc. Tdeyare a rude, beas'ly sec of vauanouds, 
lying uuked about Ihe streets, as filtLy as the Hottentoif, ai d I believe 
worae. O j ge fug 1 o tbe wharf of Kiugston, the first thiug ih^ Macks of 
'both sexfs, perfectly naked, come swarming about tbe boa", aid would dive 
for email pieces of com toat were thrown by tbe paa-'eugt re Ou tnferiDg 
the ciiy the a'rauger i^ annoyed to death by black liegt<ard at every titep, 
and >'inniu it (ffen bbow him your pistol or an uplifted caue tj rid jourbeix 
of llicir importunitiee." 

Bcwfcl', ia his woik on the "Ordeal of Free Labor," in which he defends 

emancipation, and pleada for still more extended privileges to the blacks, 

Bays of K'Dgston : 

"Tbero is not a houpe in decent repair ; not a wTiarf in gnod or^lpr ; do 
pavemeu*^. no hiil-W/>lk, no draioa^jes, and scauty wa'er ; ut ligii^ Tnern ia 
nothiug likj woik done. Wreck and ruin, deatitu.iou aud utglect. Tue 



FREE NEG170ISM ELSEWHEKE. 19 

inhabitants, taken en masse, are steeped to the eyelids ia immorality. The 

Sopiila'ion ehaws unna'.ural decrease. lilegitimaLiy exoeedd Jegnimacy. 
oihiog la repliced that ti cue destroys. If a briuk tumbles froai a huuse 
to the street, it remains there. If a spout is loosened by the Vfiud, 1g hanga 
by a thread tiUii falls ; if (urtiture is accidentallv broken, the idra of hav- 
ing it meoded is not enterf.aiced. A Gjd-for8»kea place, wi'hout lie or 
energy, (Id, dilaoidated, fciekk, filthy, cats t away from the ancboraj^e of 
eouuil morality, of reason and or cjmmoa sense. Yet ihis wre'ctied hulk is 
the capual of "aa island the most fertile in the world. It is bleseed with a 
climate the most glorious ; it lies rotting ia ihe shadow of moua'ains that 
can be caliivatea from tuinmit to ba^e with every product ('f tropic and 
temperate region. It is the mistress of a harbor wherein a thousand line- 
of-battle bhipd can rida safely an anchor." 

We might fill a volame with such quotations, showing the sleatiJy decline 
oftheldand. But it is well to note the moral con iition of the negro. The 
Americm Missionary AssociaCion is the strongest kind of Abolition testi- 
mony in regard to the moral condition of the negroes. The Ameo'ican 
Missionary, a monthly paper, and organ of the Association, for July, 1855, 
has the following quotation from the letters of one of the missionaries : — 

" A min here may he a di^unkird, a Uar, a Sihbnth hreojcer, a profane 
man, a fornicator, an adadtrer, and such like — indbe known to he such — 
and go to chapel and hold up his head there, and fed no disgrace from, these 
things, because they are so common Su^i tocrea'e a public teat imeut in his 
favor. He may go to the cotumuDion table and cherish a hope of heaven, 
and not hive hij hope disturbed. I might tell of persons, guilty of some, 
if not all of these things, ministeriug iu holy things." 

The Report of the American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society, for 1853, 
p. 170, eaya of the negroes. 

"Their moral condition is very far from beirp: what it ought to be. It ia 
exceeiingly dark and dietrpssing. Linen iowiness prevails to a most al'trm- 
ing extertt among the people. * * * * T^ie almost uaivert-al prevalence 
of ititemperacce is ano. her prolific source of the moral dark>iet<s aid de- 
gradatiou of the people. Tcie great mass among all classes of the inhabi- 
tants, from Ihe governor i" his pal^ce to the pea-ant ia bis hut. — from the 
bishop) ia his gjwn to the beggir iu his rags — ate all slaves to their cups." 

So much for " freedom" elevating the blacks. It is complained that the 
marriage relation ia not alsvaja regarded where "slavery" exists, but it 
wouli eeem,from this statement, that "elaverj" had done more for the 
moral improvement of the negro, in this respec' , than he was at all disposed 
to do for himself. 

Mr. Underbill endorses the stories "of the crowds of bastard children" 
in the Island, and eaya it is "too true." "Oatside the noncouformist 
communities," he says, "neglect of marriage is almost universal. Oce cler- 
gyman informed me that of seventeen infants brought to his church for 
baptism, fifteen, at least, would be of illegitimate origin." In fac*, from all 
the admissions made, i' does not appear thatlhere ii any more marriage io 
Jamaica than i a Africa. The churcbe?, Mr. IJLdcrhill allows, are less at- 
tended than formerly, and there is evidently little of the religious training 
of the whites Lft among the people. The negro, however, has all the ad- 
vantages of " impartial freedom," and "the highest offices of (he S ate are 
open to colored men. They are found," eaja Mr. U, "in the Assembly, 



20 TREE NEGROISM. 

in the executive, on the bench and at the bar, All colors mix freely." 
This woulJ be the paradise for Seward, PflilHpa and Greelej. Mr. Uiiderhill 
estimates the annual loss of wagea to tha people, from the decay of estates 
and plantations, cannot be lesa than £300,000, or nearly $1,500,000 I Ne- 
groes who work at all, cannot be prevailed upon to do so, geuerally, more 
than four daya in the week, and rarely five. Mr. U. also states that it has 
been officially ascertained that two-thirds of the peraons emplojed on sugar 
estates are toom3n and children. Yet, notwithstanditig-all thete facts, the 
anli-slaverjite still adiierea to hi?) favorite hobby. He has excutea and pal- 
liatives for his friend, the negro. True, Jamaica ia ruined, but still eman- 
cipation ia a success. The seasons are poor, the estates were mortgaged, 
the planters have not treated the blacki kindly, and they have bought patches 
of ground of their own rather than labor for others. Such are some of 
the excuses of the friends of Sambo. Bat the facta atill stand out in bold 
relief, despite the assertion of ''negro missionaries," who are interested in 
keepicg up the delusion. The facts they do admit. They cannot deny or 
controvert them. This is all we ask — we need none of their excuses. In 
order to relieve themselves of the odium of having ruined the fairest Island 
of the Antilles, they would naturally look for reasons not chargeable to 
them. But figures do not lie. The exports of Jamaica have been gradu- 
ally decreasing ever eiace "slavery" in the Icland was interfered with, 
until they have dwindled down to insignificance, and, as thtLondon Times 
Bays, " there ia no blinking the truth— the negroes will not work for wages," 
and hence the tropica are going back to jangle and bush, while white men 
are taxed double the price they ought to be for all tropical products. 

TES OTHEB ISLANDS. 

The careful survey we have taken of the condition of Jamaica, derived 
both from official statistics and the evidences of anti-elavery men, render 
it almost unnecessary to notice the rema-ning islands where emancipation 
haa been carried out. The story of Jamaica ia the story of all. We will, 
however, briefly notice the condition of Trinidad and Barbadoes, for these 
islands are of .en held up by the discomfited Abolitionists as an evidence of 
the success of emancipation. Again we will take their own evidence to van- 
quish them. Trinidad contains 2020 square miles. Her soil ia as fertile as 
any of the islands, and if production has somewhat increased within the past 
few years, it ia owing entirely to the Coolie slave trade. 

As illustrating the terrible ordeal through which Trinidad has passed, we 
quo*e from Mr. Undarhill. He says : — 

"Three years after emancipation, in 1841, the condition of the island was 
most deplorable ; the laborers bad. for ttie most part, abandoned the estates, 
and taken poxaept-ion of plots of vacant land, especially in the vicinity of 
the towns, wi'hout purchase or lawful right. Vagrancy had become an 
alarming habit of creat Dumbera; everv attempt to take a census of the 
population W8H bafflpd by the frequent migrations which took place. Crimi- 
nals easily ■evaded justice by abaconding to places where they were unknown, 



FREE KEGROISM ELSEWHERE. 21 

or by hiding themselves in the rlenpe forests which in all parts edged 80 
closely oa ihe cleared linds. Druukeuneea iocreased to au enornjou" de- 
gree, asBi-ited by planters who freeiy tupplied rum to the libortrs, to iijduce 
them to retuaia as caltivators oa their estates. High wages were obtaited, 
only to be tquaadered in amueemeut, revelry and dissipation ; at the tame 
time, tbeoe high wages induced a dimmished cultivation of fond, atd a cor- 
reepotidiog iacreaso in price and in the import of provipioas from tbo Ltrigh- 
boriDg isUoda and continent. The laborers steadily refu-ed to enter into 
anycoutract-i which would oblige them to remain in theservice of a master ; 
this would too much have resembled the state of slavery fr.>m which tbey 
had bnt ia^t emerged. It was wirh reference to this s'ate of tbiujis that 
Lord Har'iia wro'e in 1818 :—'LiOer'y ha^ been given to a heterogeneous 
mass of ii'dividualt", who can only comprehend licenee ; a i artitiou in the 
rights ard privileges, and duties rf civilized society has been gramed to 
them ; thty are onJy capable of enj Jjiijg lis vices.' " 

With the h Ip of Vagrant Acts and other legislative enactments, some- 
what like order was established; aLd the introduction of Coolie labor has 
enabled Trinidad to recover from the state of poverty into which it baa 
been plunged. The island, however, has been compelled to burden itself 
with a debt of $725,000 on account of the expenses of the Coolie fclave trade, 
which is disguised under the name of apprenticeship. 

According to Lord Harris, one- fourth of the entire negro population of 
Trinidad, in 1850, were living in idleness. Estates were wholly abandoned, 
and poverty stalked abroad, The Coolie labor arrested this downward ten- 
dency. Between 1847 and 1856, 47>739 Coolies were introduced into the 
West Ind'a possessions of Great Britain, the greater portion going to Tri- 
nidad and Guiana. These 47,739 protests against the idleness of the negro 
have about doubled the production of sugar in Triaidad— raioing it. from 
20,000 to 40,000 hogsheads. Bat no thanks to tha negro for this. It is none 
of his doings. Mr. Underbill declares that not one- fourth of the persons 
employed on the estates are negroes. Hence this increase in the sugar 
production of Trinidad is no evidence of the benefij of emancipation, but 
just the reverse. 

The case of Barbadoea is etill more emphatic, though the Abolitionists are 
never tired of referring to that island as the proof positive of ihe euccesa 
of "free negro labor." Now, what is Barbadoeo? Well, it is a small 
island, about large enough for a good s'zed water melon patch. It is about 
21 miles loog by 14 wide, and contains 103,000 acres of land, all told. It 
baa 150,0n0 iuhabitante, and is more thickly settled than Cliin a. There is 
not an acre of wild or unimproved land ; not room, as Trollope says, 
"for a pic nic." This land is monopDlized by the whites ; and, under a rigid 
system of vagrant laws, the black is compelled to work. If an idle negro is 
seen, he is set to work, at wages, or else compelled to drag a bali. akd 
CHAIN on the highways. Mr. Trollope eaye, ""When emancipauoa came, 
there was no squatting ground for the poor Barbadian. He hi.6. Blillto 
work amd mike sugar — work quite as hard as he had done while yet a slave. 
He had to rfo that or to starve. Consequently, labor has been abundant 
in this iiland only," Now, how this " cip?izea" all the stuff the anti-slavery- 
itea tell ua abaut Barbadoea ? Not long since there appeared in the Inde- 



22 FREE NEGBOISM. 

pendent, of thiacity, an article glorifving euiancipaiion as it had affected 
Ditrbadoed. G07. Hinck?, of that island, pabliahtd a letter in proof of it, and 
in it oiCiira this remarkable admiaeion : — 

"la Barbadoes, I have explained already that wages have ranged from 
101. to id. per task, aud thio late prevailH geuerdiiy. Iq additiou to iheae 
Wages, a eraill allonneut of laud la usually giveu, but on a moaf. uncertain 
teuuro. The laborer may be ejected at any time on a few days' notice, 
and tie ia suDjected to penalties fob kot woeeikg on the estate." 

There ia the alternative to (he negro, "wcik or starve." Does any one 
suppose that the negroes of Birbadoea would woik acy better thaa the ne- 
groes of Jamaica, if there were plenty of unoccupied land ia that island, as 
there ia in Jamaici, on which they could equatJ If the negroes of Bar- 
badoea are aa enterprising as the Abolitionists would have us beUeve, why 
do they not emigrate to Jamaica, where labor is in such demand, much 
higher than in Barbadses, and where land is plen*y? The truth ij easily 
told. The negro never emigra'es voluntarily any where. He woika when 
compelled to, and riota in idlenesa wherever he h vS a chance to show out 
his nature. It is doubtful, however, whether the production of sugar in 
Barbadjesia any larger nosv than it was nearly 200 years ago. 1 was one 
of the first ialindi ia which the Spaniards cul ivatei sugar, and in 1676 
the sugar trade of Birbadoes requ'red 400 veaeeli?, of 150 tons each.* The 
produe'ioa of sugar in 1852 was 48,000 hogshead?. In 1836, the tonnage of 
its shipping was 62,000, about the same as in 1676, It is, therefore, quite 
evident thai; there has not been a material charge in Barbadoes for many 
years. The negroes have simply exchanged masters, and are probably 
now in a worse condition than under the old system. 

We have thus traced, with tome minuteness, the present condition of four 
of the principal West ladia I^^lauds. Hayti, where the negro has been left 
mainly to himself, we have seen, has gone back to its original, uncultivated 
wilderness, and the inhabiants are surk into the savageism cf theib 
Afeican ancestors. They are rapidly losicg even all conceptions of civil- 
ization, and, aa soon as the mulattoes die out, the process will be com- 
plete. Abolitionism will have reared an African heathenism on this con- 
tinent as the culmination of their bastard philanthropy. Civihzation, and 
all the wants of civilization, are utterly ignored by th) negroes of Hajti. 
The co'.ton, sugar, coffee, indigo, &c., which they ought to supply the 
world, are l^ft uncultivated. 

Jamaici, the principal British West India island, though the white popu- 
la'ion there has struggled against if, presents essentially the same features. 
E/ery where are desolation and ruin. These beautiful and fertile island?, 
perfect " gf ms of the sea," are turned over to savageism, and rained upon 
the falje aod visionary idea that negroea are white men I 

To present at a glance the effects of Free Negroism in the West India 
islands, and to sum up the whole subject in a brief space, it is only necessary to 

* Sugar : Its Culture and Consump'ion. By P. L. Simmonds, of London. 



FKEE NEGKOISM ELSEWHERE. 



23 



examine the following table, sliowlug the deficit in production under " free 
negro labor" : 

CONTKAST OF "SLAVE" NEGKO LABOR AND "FREE" ^'EGRO LABOR 

EXPORTS FROM THE WEST INDIES. 

"slave" negro labor. 

Team. Ihs. Sugni'. ?''«• CoiTee. Vm. Cotlon. 

British West Indies 1S07 e:;6,U-J6,G4a 31,CHi,7u-l ir,i.U.i,uou* 

Uayli 1T90 lti3,31S,S10 TtJ.SJ.VJl'J 7,2S(;,126 

Total S09,344,4j3 lU5),24i),9a3 2-i,'JSU,12(J 

"free" negro labor. 

Years. Ihs. Sugar. Ids. Coffee, lis. Cotton. 

Britisli West Indies 1S43 313,306.113 6,T7h.T9J 427,5-.'9t 

Uayti 1S48 very little. 34,114,717]: l,591,454t 

Total 313,3u6,112 40,Sb5,5u9 2,Ulb,9S3 

" Free "' Negro Labor Deficit 496,03S,.341 67,360,474 22,267,143 

If it were necefesary to add to the proof we have given, that it is thQ 
overthrow of the supremacy ot the white race, and thtt alone, that has 
produced this deplorable resull-, it is only required to cite the case of Cuba. 
Let Mr. Ubderhill, the Briti h AboUtionst, from whom wo have quoted, 
describe the difference between Cuba, where "tlaverj" exists, acd \^here it 
does not. Of Havana he says : 

"It is <he BUSIEST AND MOST PKOSPEEOTJS OF ALL THE CITIES OF (he AutiHeS. 

Its harbor id ouo I'f ilie tiuest m tbe world, and is crowded with shipping. • 
Its wriarvea aod wurehontea are piled with merctiauoize, and tne general 
aspec is oue of gheat Cimmercial activity. It-i exoorts nearly leaeh the 
annual value of ninjs millions steeling, ($45,000,00'^,) and the customs 
furnirh an aauoal tiibuie to the mo her country over and above the cost 
of governnoeii'-. aud mdi'ary occupation. Eight thdUcAnd ships annually 
rescm lo the haroor of Cuba." 

Evidently Mr. Underbill had got into a new world. He saw it, and was 
struck wi h <he contrast it presented to the dilapidated region he had just 
left. lu order to show the contrast between the peogress of Cuba, and the 
DECLINE of Jamaica, it is only ntceasary to give a few sta iatici?. The value 
of the exports of Jamaica, in 1809, were greater than those of Cuba in 1826, 
and a compa,risoa of the two islands gives the following : — 

Jamaica., in 1809 $15.166 000 

C.i»ia-, iii 1826 13 809,383 

JamHica, m 185i 4,430 661 

Cuba, iul854 31,683,731 

■What a pic'ure ia this of free regroifm I What can the Abolitionist, 
who prates of free negroes laboring, say to these facts and figures ? Cuba 
has been just as steadily advancing as Jamaica has been retrograding. 

The iroduc'iveneesof Cu^a ia most astonishing. Her exports are more 
per head than those of any other country on the fice of the globe. Her 
export and import trade for 1859, was as follows : § 



* isoo. -t istn. t ist7. 

§ Balanz.'v General Rcl Commercio de la Isla do Cuba en 1S59. H.iba a : 1861. 



24 FKEE NEGEOISM. 

Exports for 1859 $57,455,185 

Impoita lor 1839 43 465,185 

Showing an excess of exports over imports of $13,989,506 

Now, the population of Cuba ia only about one million and a half, all told, 
black and white. Upon analysing the above figures, then, it will be seen 
that the exporfa of Cuba, amouni to about $40 per head for each man, 
woman and child on the island 1 At the same time, it shuuld be noted 
that this great production is not all exchanged for ar iclts imported, but 
there ia a net income or eurplua of exports over imports of $13,089,506, 

This net surplus of wealth amounts to $9 32 cents for eac'i man, woman 
and child in Cuba. No other country in the world can present euch a pic- 
ture of prosperity, atd yet Cuba is by no means as productive as she might 
be. Through a mistaken policy, or supposed kindness to the negro, manu- 
missions are easily procured and freed negroes are mul ipl^ing eo rapidly 
that her welfare will, ere long, be very eeriously impaired, unless the evil 
be checked. 

But it will be instructive to take a glance at our own exports and imports, 
so that we may be able to see how much we are dependent upon negro labor 
for our prosperity. The exports of the fiscal year ending June 30th, 1860, 
embracing fpecie and American produce, amounted to $373,167,461 ; in ad- 
. dition to which we also re-exported about $27,000,000 of foreign produce, 
the result standing as follows :— 

Expor's for 1859-'60 $4(10,167,465 

Imports tor " '• 361.727,209 

Excess of exports over imports $38,370,252 

This gives a net surplus of only $1 26 cents per capita, -while in Cuba, an 
exclusively negro labor country, it is $9 32 per head. Taking our acgregate 
domestic exports, and making a similar comparieon, we find, calling our 
population in round numbers, thirty milUons, that our exports per head are 
$12 43, against $40 per capita in Cuba. 

Having shown now that the exports of the United States, Norib, South 
and West amount-, we will call it, to S12i per head, it; will be iatereating to 
analyze these exports and see where they come from. To whom is the 
country maioly indebted for this surplus wealth, which enables us to buy 
and pay for rearly four bundred millions of foreign gooda per year ? It is 
very certain that we can have no imports, unless we have something to pay 
forthem. Nor can we have any commerce unless we ba^e someihing to 
sell which other nations want. It has been shown that the specie and Amer- 
ican produce exported were, as above stated $373,167,461 

Of this amount the specie was 56,946,851 

The amount of American produce consequently exported was. .316,220,610 

We propose io clas nfy the amount furnished oxclasively by the free States, 
the amount furnished by both the free and " elavt" States, (which it is 



FREE NEGROISII ELSEWHERE. 25 

impossible to separate and designate the respective amount famished by 
each,) and the amount farniahed exclusively by the "slave" States. 

FEEE STATES EXCLUSIVELY : 

Fisheries ' $4,156,480 

Coil 731,817 

Ice 183,13i 

Total free States $5,071,431 

FREE AND SLAVE STATES. 

Produces of the forest 11,7:6.060 

iProducoa of agriculture 20 206,265 

Vegetable food 25 656.494 

Manufactures 35 154 644 

Manufactured articles 2 3D7,03l 

Eaw produce 1,355, 8t5 

Total free and slave States $96,826,299 

SLAVE STATES EXCLUSIVELY. 

Cotton $191,806 555 / 

Tob icco 15 906 5 17 

Koain and turpentine 8,734 527 

E'ce 2,566.390 

Tar acd pi'ch 151,095 

Brown tugar 103 244 

Molasses 44 562 

Hemp 8 S51 

Total slave States $214,322,880 

EECAPITULATION. 

Free Sta*:ea exclusively 85,071 431 

Free and . Uve States 96 826,299 

SUve Stated exclusively 214,322,880 

Total $316,220,610 

If any one will analyze the articles embraced in the amount, $96,826,299, 
belonging alike to the North and the South, he cannot f lil to come to the 
conclusion that at least one-third is jnstly the product of negro labor. The 
result, then, stands a3 follows • 

Exports of southern States $246 593 313 

Exports of northern " 69,622,297 

Total $316,220,610 

Calling the population of the North, in round number:^, twenty miliione, 
and the population of the South ten millions, we hive the eigoificant fact 
that while the exports of the North amount to only $3 45 per head, those of 
the South amount to $24 65 1* It is not intended by this statement to deny 
that the North has vast industry, but white men, in a temperate or cold 
latitude, consume nearly all the products of their own labor, and hence it is, ' 

• To this statement it may be objected that the North sends a vast quantity of pro- 
duce and manufactared articles to the South, but it should be remembered that the South 
also sends a v.ist quantity of her produce North. Our consumption of cotton is about 
$55,039,000 ; cf sugar, $25,000,000 ; besides naval stores, rice, tobacco, &c., which do not 
enter info our calculation of southern exports any more than thg northern articles sent 
South enter into the exports of the North. Our calculation is based upon the foreign 
exports, as these only represent the swr^lus wealth of the country. 



26 FREE negroism:. 

that in all ages, everyEation which has acquired weal h and power, ohbained 
them from tropical regions where the inferur races, la tljeir liormal relation 
to the Buperior race, i^rodaced them. Ic is ihua seli-evicieut iliat Leajly all 
the weal h of our country is dt rived from negro Btrviiud-, fur wealth is the 
turplus of produciiun over consumption. The North Las hut litile over — 
the South a greit deal. Ic is the tropical regions wiiich must be relied upon 
for this surplus wenlfh, When Spain held all htr tropical potsetsions on 
this Cjntinent, it is estimated that her net iLCome from them was not less 
than $50,000,000 annually, aud she was the rridtress of ttie world. — When she 
lost them, her greatness and we«l h declined, aid the eoon eutk to a third 
or fourth-rate power. Of late yrara she has fceen improviig, and if she do 
not commit the folly of overtbrowiog the nattral rtlaiiun of the races, she 
will rapidly advance in power, wealth, and prosperity. 

There ia one oiher view of this question, which is very important, and ia 
worthy the careful attention ct every person who ddsires to bd well informed 
upon the causes of the greatness, grandeur atd prosperitj^ of his country. 
It is frequently asserted, by shallow-minded people, who Lave never investi- 
gated this suliject, that the North has supported the South, paid the ex- 
penses of the Government, &c. Now, all imports are based upon exports, 
and hence it is the exports which, in fact, furnish the revenue of a country 
and not the imports, for the latter ara but the representa'ive of the former, 
without which they could not exist. Taking the history of our government 
for forty years, this view of the case presents some most astounding results, 
Which are condensed with much labor ia the following table : 

RETURNS FROM THE TREASURY DEPARTMENT AT WASHINGTON, SHOW- 
ING THE VALUE OF THE EXPORTS AND IMPOUTS FOE FORTY YEARS, 
FROM 1S21 TO 18G1, WITH THE CUSTOMS PAID DURING THE SAME 
TIME TO THE UNITED STATES. 

Gross Yaluo of Exports, from 1S21 to ISGl $5,556,401,273 

Imports, '• " 5.5iil,23S,15r 

Customs Duties on Imports paid in the U. 3. Treasury 1,191,874,443 

Total United States Expoets fob Forty Yeaks. 

Cotton $2,574,834,991 

Tobacco 424,118.067 

pjce 87,S54,51l 

Naval'stores 110,981,295 ' 

Amoiint Of Duty, 

$3.193,850,965 $689,141,805 

Food . . 1,006,9.J 1,335 216.6S2.773 

Gyl,l 458.588,615 95,349,965 

Crude Articles, Manuiacturos, i;e. ....... 892,010,457 190, 699,910 

$5,556,401,272 $1,191,874,443 

EXPOKTS FROM THE SOUTD ESCHTSIVELT, FOR FORTT YeAES. 

Cotton $2,574,8.34.091 

Tobacco 425,118,067 Amount of Duty, paid 

Itico 87,854,51 1 hy the South. 

Naval Stores 110.981.296 |6S9,141,805 

One tbird of Food S35.6,-)0.411 72,227,591 

40 per cent. Gold* 183,588,615 38,139,982 

$3,718,026,991 $799,508,373 

Amount of Duty from tbo Nortli 392,365,065 

Difference , . $407,244,313 



* Some people, without reflectinc;, may suppose that this estimate, giving the South 
one-third of the gold i)roduction for forty years, is too high; but they should recollect 



FKEE NEGKOISM ELSEWHERE. 27 

It wilUliua be seen that southern producta have contributed to the sup- 
port ot the goverument nearly $800,000,000, while northarn producta have 
contributfed Idsa than half tbat suml Can there be any doubt, therefore, in 
the miud tf any candid and senfcible person, that this cauntjy offea its un- 
paralltled prosperity to negro labor? We do not mean to say that thia 
diffcirence arises from ary inferiority of northern or tuperiority of southern 
men, but solely from that universal law of nature, that the caUivation of the 
tropics, carried on by the enforced I ihor of the inferior races, produces a 
large surplus over consumption, while vhite men in temperate latitudes 
consume nearly all they produce. Destroy this cultivation, and you destroy 
northern commerce, labor, mec lanics, mmufactures, &c., &c., and reduce 
white men to poverty and privation. 

The comparative value of free negro labor and "slave" negro labor 
ia also forcibly illustrated in the progress of our own country, v?hen 
compared with those places where the negro has been deprived of the 
guidance of tho white man. It is often the habit of Aboli'ion writers 
to compare the value of "free" and "slave" labor, in order to show the 
vast fcuper.ority of the former over the latter. But they are always very 
careful to have the comparison to occur between white labor and negro 
labor. They tever dabe to make a comparison between negro "tbek" 
labor and negro "slive" labor. Aa white men are superior to negroes, 
their labor ought to be superior to theirs, and ia all latitudes, where white 
labor is avail ible, it ia more valuable, because more inteJl gent. There is no 
sense, theref >re, iu comparing Ohio with Alabama, simply because there are 
no grounds for a comparison. The white man could not do the woik of the 
negro in Al ibama, nor could the negro do the work of the intelligent farmer 
in Ohio. Tbe real question is, ara the southern States in a better condi* 
tion than the free negro countries? Thia ia the correct test aa to the suc- 
cess of free negroism. It is only necessary, in order to answer this question, 
to show the constant and steady increase of the great staple of cotton — a 
product tbat has done more for the comfort and happiness of the great 
toiling masses than any and all other productions of modern times : 

Tears, Total Boles. Export Value, 

1800 35 000 $5,726,000 

3824 509,158 21,947 401 

1830 870 415 29,674 883 

1835 1,254 323 64 961,302 

1840 2,177 532 63,870,303 

1845 2 394 503 51,739,643 

1850 2,796,700 71,984,616 

1851 2.355,257 112 315,317 

1852 3,015,029 87,965,732 

1853 3,262 882 109 456 404 

1854 2,930,027 93 596,220 

1835 2 847,339 88 143 844 

1856 3,527,841 128 382,351 

1857 2,939,519 131,575 859 

1858 3,113,962 131 386 661 

1859 3 851.481 161,434,923 

1860 4,300,OCO 184,400,000 

that the estimate is made for forty years, and we Lave had gold from California for only 
ten or twelve years. Previous to that time we depeniled entirely upon the mines of 
Georgia, North and South Carolina, Virginia, and Maryland for our gold. These inine^ 
have been very productive, the Dorn mine in South Carolina bringing to the U. S. Hint, 
at Charlotte, $2-20,000 to $225,000 annually. 



28 PEEB NEGROISM. 

What a grand and noble picture doea not this present I Ttt in 1817, tlie 
proouc'iuu of CJttoE iu the VVeat laaiesaudthe Uiiittd Scates was jast about 
th3 Bamo I aud Wm. Liojd GarneoD, Geo. Ttiompson and Dr. Ciiaoning, at 
the lirnj of the West India emancipation, predicted that free negro labor 
would 80oa drive all "tkve" gro^vn cotton out of the market! Thefce archi- 
tects of ruin, ho^vevei, shut their ejea to the desolation they have achieved, 
and noip, wiiti the malignity of demons, desire to bring the calamitiea upon 
our osra hi.herto prosperous and happy country, which have marked the 
progress of the frea negro dtlusion la oiher places, 

Tae territory cursed by free negroism ia the West ladies, however, is but 
as ball porti m of the ppace now bhghted in the same manner. Wo have 
given u ) statistics of (he cjndi'ion of all that vast territory, compriang the 
fairest aiid most beau itul portion of our continent, extendicg from the Eio 
Oranlo alcnoat to the Aaaazon, When it was under i'a Spanish conquerors, 
this terricciry, almost aj Urge as the whole Unite-I States, was largely pro- 
diic'ivG, I 8 capabilities', however, were never developed to anything like 
their f^ll ex'en', yet Boch cul ivatioa as was commenced has been almost 
wholly aband ned. The country may be truly deecribtd as a desert, 
with otl/ hi* re and there an oasis, where a rude kind of cultivation produces 
jist enough to let the world know that it ia not an entire waste. Brazil, 
on the sou'h, is the firs spot where commerce and trade exist to any great 
ex'en\ and thete the uegro has n^t been freed. Wo are thus able to count 
tip, wi'h perfect eas°, the OLly places v^here tropical production is now car- 
ried on OQ this Coniaent — Cuba, Porto K'co, oor own Gulf B'atea and 
Brazil I Just f 'ur corrparatively small green epota amid the wild and un- 
cut ivttted yet fertile and glcrious tropical regions of the western hemi- 
sphere 1 



PAKT III. 

THE EFFECT OF FREE NEGROISM UP0I7 TRADE, COMMERCE, 
AGRICULTURE, AXD WHITE LABOR. 

No nation or people, from the days of imperial Babylon, has ever been 
great iu weal h or powt-r which did not pofsess the trade of the tropical 
regions of a continent. I^; ia the wealth of tho Eist Indies which has made 
Englaud what the is. With the richea wh'ch poured into her coffers, from 
1753, aftf r she expelled the Dutch from lodia, the was enabled to crui-h Na- 
polam, an! raice herself to that imperial power in the world which was 
formerly Fwajfd by Eome. The rise and fall of imperial greatnesa in 
Asia and E irope has bfen determined by the possession of the trade of the 
E-istlad es, where the enforcedlabor of over two hundred miUions of natives 
has f jrmt d an overflowirg stream of weahh. 

TheCreator haginieid d cur own tropical regions to bo productive. They 
wpre noSmado "to w^ste their sweetness on the desert air." In His own way 
He had the regro brought here from Africa, where he had been a wild, 
nn*utnred f avasje for c^nturif s, jast what he must and will be forever, when 
heij separated from the white man. This negro has been made available 



EFFECT OF FREE NEGEOISM VFOIS TKADE, ETC. 29 

for j as t the vroikvauted tobe done. The whi'emenof thi^ continent need 
and MUST HATE cottOD, fcugar, coffee, indig", (rpici^f, &o., &v;. Vithoat 
these, CLvilizition ii put back five liaaclred\ea,i!j. 'i'rui', wa might agaia 
drag aloug 8 8 oar ancestors did, i he ricU ouly being ade lo tffjid good 
clothing. Taepoor mighi m-inut'acture their own by tpinniup, and Gird- 
ing, and weaviEg. Sagar, c ffr^f', &c., ni'ght bi again lukno.vn luxuries. 
Tne farmer luijti'; Lave li 'le or lo ma'ket for lis grains, but this would 
not satisfy us. These aui les mu)!; be i:ad, ai-d they cannot be Lad ■with- 
out ibe enforced labor of t: e r^pgro. 

Already waie men have beei, atd trj to day, seriously taxed for the lazi- 
ness of this n' gro. Take the twoi'ems of Kugav and c^ff^a alone. If we 
estimaf.e the decline ia the pjodac ion (f tngar and ctff-e by Ibertduction 
that has takea pUce in jAcmxlua aud other pliCfjs, it is luir i.o calculate that, 
were all the negroes, tiow lolling in the suo, ea ing ^ anis and laughing at 
whi e men, set to work, we bbould have at least theee times the amount of 
both artitlea now produced. Such a production would decrease the price at 
least ONE-HALF, thus furni:hing the ■white men of this country with their 
groceiies at 50 per cent. less thin preaeui; prices. 

Let us Ijok a"; (his subject a little more closely. The "grocery bill" of 
the people tf the United States is annually SS6,928,000. Our imports of 
coffee, sugar, tobacco and molassee, for 1858, amounted in value to 
$33,479,000, of which the negro "slaves" of Cuba and Brazil supplied 
$34,451,000. The balance of these four articles that we need, 543,449,000, 
is the product of our own "slave" States. The "grocery bill" of the people 
of the United States stands indebted as follows : — 

To Negro "Slave" labor $82 900,000 

To oiher sources 4,028,000 

It is now proposed to wipe o-ut this $82,000,000 —to " free" the negroes, aa 
it is called, who are now industriously contributing their share to the civil- 
ization and happiness of mankind. If ii be done, the result is apparent. 
All kinds of groceries will rise in price to such an ex'ent that no one but 
the wealthy classes can afford to use them. The "slave" kegko is the 
pooE man's feiend. The "freed" negbo is nia bitteb and unbelenting 
ENEMY. If freed in the tropical regions, he ceases to produce anything, and 
all know that the leas of aa article produced, the higher the price, and of 
course the greater the tax upon the consumer. Erery negro, therefore, 
lazUy squatting in the West Indies, and, as the London Times says, " snig- 
gering at Buckra," takes something from the pocket of every consumer of 
sugar, coffee and molasses. The cost of tropical prudactions isnowfiftyper 
cent above what it ought to to. Coffee ought to bt bad for about the tax 
now upon it, and sugar in proportion. We are pa;i:irg nearly ninety mil- 
lions of dollars annually for our groceries— FOETY millions c^f it ought to 
be saved, and would be, if every negro was made to fulfill the Heaven-de- 
creed ordinance of labor. 

Butlbetsx of frte negroism upon the Novlh is not fully seen in the in- 
creased price of coffop, sugar, tobacco, & j. 'E<ferj negro freed in the tropica 
becomes at once a non-consumer of nor hern products. Whe^n at work on 
the plantation, he eata bacon and bread, and is furnished with jilenty of 
good, coarse clothing, shoes, hats, &c. When freed, as we have shown, ho 
eats yams and plantains mainly, and consumes little or nothing of northern 
productions. The farmer and mechanic, therefore, are not only taxed in 
one way, but in two ways — Pirs^ by an increase in the price of coffee, sugar, 



30 FREE NEGKOISM. 

&3. ; and eecondly, by a decrease ia the demand for their own productions. 
It was not until i he extension cf "fclavtry" occurred in Alabama, Misbis- 
eippi and Louisiana, that the weatein farmer began to geo any ining like 
remunerative prices for his grain. And it ii a tingular f^et iha*-, despite 
the howls tf i^oiiiiciaijs, the column of black labor on tne Gulf, aijdof white 
labor above the 33. h parallel of lalitude, havd kept right aloLg pari passu. 
The one is the handmaid of the other. Destroy '-fciavery" on the Gulfi 
and you destroy the faimer in Ohio, Illinois Indiana andluwa. It would 
be of little use to remove the blockade of the Mississippi if tLe negro ia to 
be freed. Th3 demoua of miscLief have educated the uoriheru miLd to be- 
lieve that there ii an antagonism between what they call "fiee aLd elave 
labor," — *.hati^, between whie labor and negro Ubor. Now, should Beel- 
zebub try to invent a fahebood exceeding all his former aMempts in that 
line, be could not do it so well as by adjpt.ng this one. The truth is, there 
never was a more beautiful or perfect harmony in the world than that exist- 
ing between white la'oor and negro Itbor, and when we say negro labor, we 
mean wha*; the Aboliu mists and Eepublican 8 call "slavo" la ot r, f^r there 

is NO SUCH THING A3 FEEE HEGEO LABOB. The negrO, aS We have fchOWD, 

on a plantation, btcjmes a consumer of the agriculinral producdons of the 
northern farmer, and the tk\lled labor of the northern mechan'c* Bis labor 
gets in motion cotton fac'ories atd machine shops. Teh muscles of the 

NEGEO AND THS INTELLECT CI? THE WHITE MAN THU3 BECOME THE GBEAT 

AGENCIES CI? MODERN CIVILIZATION, Tuo excUaoge of ILe one h r the other 
constitutes cub commebce, gives employment to shippirg, erects our banks, 
lines our streets witn marble palaces, and makes arocky i-laud Ik:) New 
York, the seat of unto'd wealth. Eveey beick on ocb steeets is clmented 

WITH THE LABOB OF THE NEGEO. 

But people off en say, is not the North great and po'^erful by hersrlf ? We 
answer, no. What are all the productions of agriculture unless thtre ia a 
market for th^m? Tbe matter can ba illustrated thus : Suppoee all the 
negroes of Brazl, Cuba and the sou'hcra Stages from wbich wo now derive 
all our groceries, were tet to raising gra'n, &!3 , for their cwn subsistence. 
Of course, there whjIJ be no excbanfe of commodities ai d no commerce. 
The world is constitu'td-wi h dififertnt climates and vroduc'ions for the pur- 
poses of exchange aLd commerce. E ich hemisphere has its temperate and 
tropical regioniri, a-^d tno?e regions require different labor. To overthrow 
that form of la'oor by which only the tiopica can lecul ivau d is as ciiminal 
as it would be to overthrow the system ot labor necetsiry tor the temperate 
latitudes. The tr' pic < can not be cultivated by "freea" ) egroea any more 
than the fempera'e I: itudfs could be by puitirg vhi'e men in fcla* ery. — 
Lookiig to E irope S)3 a market for our agricDl.ural produc ions iiadelu- 
Eion. E ;ch hemiephere of the world ii maiul/ independent of the other. 
For centuries they < xised wi hout the knowl d.o (f faf»H o her, sndifwe 
were to day u'terly and forever eepara'sd from tho Old Wo'M, i": might be 
quite as well f >r us. The aciti slavery imposti^ra eprun^ froti the e, and 
though we dcclari d ourselves iudeperdent of the rto'ber cuoiry, yet; prac- 
tically she has ruled us thtougli her ideas', aid ii d >ii g i", 1o d^y. The call 
for our agri cultural ) r<)duc*io! s o>;ci]r8 perhaps ia ono > tar out of five, but 
cur real a d j ermaueDt markets are thf^troijicj of turowo cjntirjent. If 
every negro ia JL xioo, Cer tral America, New Graua'a and itjrt West ludiea 
Were this day iidantrionrly ah wotk, we judt-e enehwhi e Ij. o er in the 
North wonlJ b^vo ) is w^'ges iacreaeed rne-h 1', wlilo tho cot^t ( f ar-icles for 
bis family would t:o decreaeed in about the tame ra.io. The wes em farmer, 



EFFECT OP FKEE NEGROISM UPON TRADE, ETC. 31 

•now getting only e'glit or ten cents per bushel for hia corn, ought to, and 
would, Iheu f^e"; iwe itv-five cents, Lat each man, therefore, compute the 
expense oc free negroiom bait affects himself persooaliy — Persons earning 

$1 OQ per day would, it! the negro were doing his du'y, get at least $1 50. 
It' the grocery bill of a fdoiily is nosv $100 per year, it would then beS50, 
and so on iu iDro^ortion. The laboiing classes then, instead of living in 
close, ill-ventila'fcd apartments, where the light of diy i^ scarcely permicted 
to enter, might; tftordiieat and agreeable cottages. The demoralization of 
huddlicg humiu beings together would bj mainly obviat,ed, and the educaa 
tioD, iutelligenca and morality of the white populauon vastly increased. 
The greatesc curte tf free negroiem is its effect upoa white men. Iben- 
elaves thero, i; biLdj btirdens upon (hem, and if in con'act wih this free 
negro, be becomes their legal equal, aid among the debased and ■vicious 
leads to amalgaojauon. It makes Five Points in our ciiie?, and blots and 
blasts our community bke a sirocco. Philanthropists have dreamed of 
eoBialreformr', ef iho eleva'ioa of the white liboriug classes, and predicted 
a future wlaen-iu want thould be unknown, and labor meet an adequate 
reward but they Lave beea looking lor i; through f ocial reforms, if not con- 
vulsions. Thj coi.dl'iou of the Idborir-g classes of Europe has been often 
bewailed, but our owa are now last reachiog their position. The great 
want ij xemuLtriitivrt l^bor. Where can it be had? is tbe universal cry. 
The farmer wants betUr prices for hia grain, the mtchaiiic far bis labor. 
Why do they not get 1 hem ? The answer ia summed up in two words, Feee 
NegeoIiM I Ihid dea'roys commerce. Tbis decreases the demand for 
white Idb.T. This closes up the market of ^^he fa'm°r, and enables some 
Shjlock, who holds a mortgage upon his farm, to turn his "Rife and chil- 
dren out of doors. 

And yet it i-t pravely punposed by the President of tbe United States to be 
a very desirat'lj ut'jf-ct to set some four mdiions more of negroe.-", what is 
called, free, lie c^>-n pniposes to huve white men take out their pocket 
books and p ly for \ h i lusiry of taxing themselves lor the purchase of these 
negroes, Tlio i c itme ho baa proposed ij ooo of tbe most astounding that 
could ever liafoi -sued from a t-anemind. It is pr >po:'ed to pay $300 per 
head for < hece negroes. T^ikitg the whole 4,000.000, tliis would amount to 
twelve hindred milliona of doUirs, which would be a tax of $10 upon 
every whi'emin, wumm cmd child ia (ho whole Uui'td States 1 When this 
is done, what bsiv i we g 't f . r our monej ? Well, tho/dc'^^s we have colbcted 
in the foreg dn^^ I'a^e < enable us to answer this question in tuch a manner 
that no " wbi o man, (houg'i a fool, Leed err therein." 

lit. We shall ]i8vo a, ])Opnla'ioa which will labor at no productive employ- 
ment, but iuslrtt uliviugou thila'ierof tbe whites. Tbis is one tax. 

2a6. Vice, crim i and pauperism are tix or eight times as prevalent among 
them aa among whitt s Tne second tax. 

33. By eet'iufj: them free from all control, they have ceased producing the 
articles we need, and we are forced to pay a higher price tor them. This 
is the third tax. 

4:th. Tbe abrttrsc'ion of thosR produc'ions from iho world de^reagea just 
eo much iLe weaUn ol ihe Wv,ild, and of couree lessens bu ineas. Here ia a 
four'h tax, 

5;h. The rpgroes tbui set "free" in all the tropical regions cease to be 
consumers of th^ produuts of our farmers and mecbiiic, and hence the de- 
mand for northern (.Todnc ioua of all kinds ij les^enel}. Ilrre is a fifth tax. 

Now, a ptreOi/, wneu be purcbatea anything, expects to get some value 



82 FREE NEGROISM. 

for his money, pome profit oh the investment. But here •we have paid our 
money, for wbat? Fi)r value received? No, but for the privilege of taxing 
oureelvea ia at least^oe dist nctways and forms. Andic ii a tax that falla 
upon every man, wotnan and child in the laud. I: blights every fireeide. 
It stands like a ppectre at every threshold, It can no more be avoided than 
dea'h. It cornea in every thing we eat, in every thicg we driLk, and in 
every thing we wear. 

The farmer pays for the idleness of the negro in every round cf sugar or 
coffee ho bnyr>, and in every bushel of wheat or corn he eeUi. The mechanic 
pays for i ; in low prices for hia labor and high prices for Lis groceries. 

Shall wp, therefore, go on in this mad career of foVj and crime ? Shall 
we fchut our cyea to facts, and in sheer party madness luth on lo national 
suicide? All around us are scattered the ruina of freenegroism. Torn and 
distracted Mexico. Desolate and wild Central America. Silent and deserted 
New Granada. Ruined and savage Hayti. Dilapidated ard broken-down 
Jamaica, all testify in thunder tones to beware of the breakers of free negro- 
ism. On the contrary, Brazil, Cuba, Porto Eico and the eouthtrn S'ates are 
the marts of commerce and trade. Wherever the negro occupies his true 
and normal relation to tho white man, all i3 happiness and prosperity. 
Where he does not, all is social chaoa and blight. The relation that the ne- 
gro race shall occupy to the white thus becomes the most important question 
ever presented to the white men of America. On its decision hangs the fate 
of republican institutions ag well as the national happiness and weU being 
of the white masses. The Geeat Delusion of the nineteenth century is 
approaching its climax, and if it shall be reached without overturning the 
eocial order, which, for two hundred years, has worked out such boundless 
blessings and such untold prosperity to all classes of our people, we may 
coBfidently anticipate a renewal and even an advance of that prosperity. 
But, if the reverse take place, no pen can describe the caaos, confusion, 
poverty and degradation which, as a legacy, we shall transmit to our chil, 
dren. If the foregoing pages shall contribute, in any degree whatever, 
towards preventing these calamities falling upon the White Men of Ameb- 
ICA, the object of the writer of this pamphlet will have been accomplished. 



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